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Nature of Disorders of Speech, Voice, Fluency, and Swallowing > Stuttering > Flashcards

Stuttering Flashcards

1
Q

stammered speech is a ? of speech rather than an impairment

A

variation

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2
Q

stuttering definition

A

involuntary blocks in speech, repetitions, prolongations, a feeling of loss of control, avoidance, and facial/body movements

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3
Q

what factors affect stuttering onset

A
  • genetics
  • neurology
  • physiology
  • environmental factors
  • individual temperament
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4
Q

hallmarks of stuttering

A
  • variability
  • feeling of loss of control
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5
Q

covert stuttering definition

A

when PWS obscures a stutter by avoiding words, situations, and conversations

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6
Q

covert stuttering symptoms

A
  • shame
  • guilt
  • painful headaches
  • stomach ulcers
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7
Q

acquired stuttering definition

A

stuttering acquired from neurological conditions (ex: stroke, TBI)

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8
Q

most common cause of acquired stuttering

A

brain lesions

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9
Q

neurogenic stuttering definition

A

stuttering caused or exacerbated by neurological disease/damage

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10
Q

what is developmental stuttering commonly mistaken for

A

neurogenic stuttering

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11
Q

people with neurogenic stuttering typically present with

A
  • aphasia
  • dysarthria
  • word-finding difficulties
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12
Q

psychogenic stuttering definition

A

late onset involuntary dysfluency following a psychological problem/emotional trauma

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13
Q

cluttering definition

A

fluency disorder characterized by overly rapid, slow, or jerky speech patterns that compromise intelligibility and poor self-monitoring

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14
Q

is cluttering a motor speech disorder or language disorder

A

not sure

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15
Q

4 key characteristics of cluttering

A
  • rapid/irregular articulatory rate
  • reduced intelligibility
  • frequency/type of dysfluencies
  • indistinct/abbreviation of articulation
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16
Q

cluttering rapid and/or irregular speech rate must accompanied by one or more of:

A
  • excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables
  • excessive normal dysfluencies
  • abnormal pauses, syllable stress, or speech rhythm
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17
Q

temperament definition

A

congenital and stable construct that does not change throughout life

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18
Q

personality definition

A

result of interaction between stable temperament and environmental influences

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19
Q

awareness of stuttering was observed in ?% of children

A

56.7%

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20
Q

impact of adolescent stuttering

A
  • negative attitudes
  • apprehension towards communication
  • lowered communication competency
  • percieved communication difficulties
21
Q

CWS advantages

A

expressive language skills average or above average

22
Q

CWRS advantages

A
  • higher articulation scores
  • higher non-word repetition abilities
23
Q

atypical timing of sensorimotor network interaction is associated with ?

A

developmental stuttering origin

24
Q

why is stutter onset typically between 2-5 years old

A

increased linguistic input and demand

25
Q

anatomical difference hypothesis

A

antomical increases in right hemisphere speech-related areas AWS may be due to compensatory mechanisms

26
Q

importance of anatomical difference hypothesis

A

atypical neural functioning present in CWS near onset with changes in right hemispheres over activations and cortical activity lateralized to left hemisphere

27
Q

anatomical differences between AWS and AWNS

A
  • hypoactivity in language processing areas
  • hyperactivity in motor function areas
  • secondary auditory areas that should be activated during speech production are not
  • white matter integrity differences
  • bigger corpus callosum
  • connectivity differences between auditory and speech motor areas)
28
Q

diagnostic theory theorist

A

Wendell Johnson

29
Q

diagnostic theory

A
  • parents overreact and mislabel normal non-fluency as stuttering
  • “Stuttering is created in the ear of the listener”
30
Q

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering theory

A

Orton and Travis

31
Q

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering

A
  • the nervous system of PWS not matured enough for left hemisphere dominance (lack of dominant hemisphere)
  • research focused on investigating the handedness of PWS
32
Q

covert repair hypothesis theorist

A

Kolk and Postman

33
Q

covert repair hypothesis

A

when detecting errors in our planned speech, there are breaks in phonetic sequence and fluency

34
Q

demands and capacities model theorist

A

Starkweather

35
Q

demands and capacities model

A

when speech demands exceed the speaker’s capacities, fluency breaks down

36
Q

(t/f) planum temporale symmetry is unrelated to stuttering severity

A

true

37
Q

is there a difference in corpus callosum size in AWS

A

yes, increased

38
Q

in there a difference in corpus callosum size in CWS, CWNS, and those that recover

A

no

39
Q

is rhyme effect over both cerebral hemispheres seen in CWS or CWNS

A
  • CWNS
  • missing in CWS
40
Q

theories

A
  • diagnostic theory
  • cerebral dominance theory of stuttering
  • covert repair hypothesis
  • demands and capacities model
41
Q

diagnostic theory founder

A

Wendell Johnson

42
Q

diagnostic theory

A
  • parents overreact and mislabel normal non-fluency as stuttering
  • “stuttering is created in the ear of the listener”
43
Q

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering founder

A

orton and travis

44
Q

cerebral dominance theory of stuttering

A
  • the nervous system of PWS not matured enough
  • lack of dominant hemisphere
  • research focused on investigating the handedness of PWS
45
Q

covert repair hypothesis founder

A

kolk and postma

46
Q

covert repair hypothesis

A
  • detecting errors in planned speech interrupts phonetic sequence
  • fluency breaks occur
47
Q

demands and capacities model founder

A

starkweather

48
Q

demands and capacities model

A

when speech demands exceed the speaker’s capacities, fluency breaks down

49
Q

is planum temporale related or unrelated to stuttering severity

A

unrelated

Nature of Disorders of Speech, Voice, Fluency, and Swallowing (6 decks)

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