Stuff that dreams are remade off - shivansh Flashcards
Origin of butter sculpture
Banquet art
Baroque and Renaissance period
Origin of butter sculpture
Banquet art
Baroque and Renaissance period
Earliest recorded butter sculpture
Pope Pius V’s cook Bartolomeo Scappi, which featured an elephant and a tableau of Hercules engaged in combat with a lion
Caroline Shawk Brooks
American sculptor
Displayed her works in galleries across America
The wife of an American farmer- made her first butter sculpture in 1867 to promote farm goods
Used traditional utensils instead of a mold
After studying art in Paris and Florence, Brooks transitioned to using marble as her primary medium, but continued to incorporate butter into her creations on occasion
Dreaming Iolanthe
In 1873, she made a sculpture of the blind princess Iolanthe from Danish poet and playwright Henrik Hertz’s verse drama King René’s Daughter.
Exhibited at a Cincinnati gallery
Caroline Shawk Brooks
Made several versions of Iolanthe, and they were featured in the Centennial Exhibition and the World Fair
John Karl Daniels
A
Notable Butter Sculptor
Creations were featured in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904 and the Minnesota State Fair in 1910
Norwegian- American
Missa
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Dominique Blain
Consists of 100 pairs of army boots
Created using mono-filament and a metal grid.
Part of the Musee des beaux-arts de Montreal collection
Housed in the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts
Erika Iris Simmons
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Old audio cassette tapes to create art
Using old tapes, she has transformed them into a series of artworks titled “Ghost in the Machine.”
The series portrays celebrities and musicians such as Marilyn Monroe, Bob Dylan, Robert DiNero, Jimi Hendrix, Ian Curtis, and Jim Morrison.
Maltravieso
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Western Spain
Hi-tech techniques
Stencil had been obscured by the build-up of calcium carbonate deposits and was not apparent until recently
Studied for more than 70 years
How was the time frame of the cave in Alabama determined?
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Carbon dating the residue of bamboo torches that were used to draw the images
Archeologists dated the artworks to 133–433 AD.
Using photogrammetry, an inexpensive technique increasingly used in archaeology to record artifacts, buildings, landscapes and caves
Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI)
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Similar to photogrammetry
3D models can be illuminated from any angle
Professor Jan Simek
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Published images of giant glyphs carved into the mud surface of the low ceiling of a cave in Alabama
Writing in journal Antiquity
Cave paintings include a diamond back snake
Sulawesi Cave Art
Leang Timpuseng Cave
Maros-Pangkep caves near Maros, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi
Among the oldest Stone Age art on the planet- according to Dr. Anthony Dosseto
Oldest art in the cave is a hand stencil that dates before 37,900 BCE
One of the images painted is “babirusa” (a type of SE Asian “pig-deer”) dating to at least 33,400 BCE
How were all images dated in Leang Timpuseng Cave and what does it signify?
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Dated using Uranium/Thorium (U/Th) dating techniques
Signifies that modern humans discovered art and cultural cognition before leaving Africa in the Upper Paleolithic era
The world’s oldest cave art
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Discovered is the El Castillo Cave paintings, which date to 39,000 BCE in Spain
Discovery of Sulawesi Caves and Cave art
First visited by the British explorer and naturalist Alfred Wallace in July during his trip to the East Indies.
He published the results of his trip in his book “The Malay Archipelago”, although he made no mention of any cave paintings.
Dutch archeologist H.R. van Heereken was the first to write about the cave art in the 1950s.
In 1993, the XI International Speleology Congress recommended that Maros Pangkep be adopted by UNESCO as a World Heritage site.
Sulawesi
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Previously called Celebes
World’s eleventh-largest island
Maros Pangkep is a limestone hill that contains 90+ caves with ancient cave art by modern humans
Sulawesi caves contain both handprints and animal paintings
Charles Darwin
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Naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle
Only spent 5 weeks in the Galapagos Islands
Specimens he collected were instrumental to the formation of his theory of Evolution
Why is the discovery of Sulawesi cave art important?
Because we now know that very similar parietal art was being created at opposite ends of the world. Which is either an incredible coincidence, or else it shows that modern man shared a common creative ability - which, if true, means that he must have developed this ability BEFORE leaving Africa
Charles Darwin
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Naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle
Only spent 5 weeks in the Galapagos Islands
Specimens he collected were instrumental to the formation of his theory of Evolution
Which species is Charles Darwin most famous for?
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Species of blackbird or mockingbird, but wrongly called “Darwin’s Finches.
John Gould identified the specimen as actually 12 new species, which were unique to the Galapagos Islands
Finches with their beaks which adapted to their environment (different food niches) over time were evidence of natural selection, which led to speciation
Charles Darwin books
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Wrote about his travels in the book The Voyage of the Beagle
Explored Galapagos information in most famous book “On the Origin of Species”
Theory of evolution- Charles Darwin
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Charles Darwin did not come up with the theory of evolution
His grandfather Eramus Darwin had passed the idea to him
With observations of natural selection, Darwin proved the theories of Jean Baptiste Lamarck that species derived spontaneously from nothingness
life-size replica of the Pyramid of Giza
A
In Detroit, Michigan
E.S. Wheeler
US has 312 million people and if everyone put down their work to work on the pyramid, the US can build 2.6 pyramid a day
The Cave Paintings of Lascaux
Four teenagers and a dog walked through the woods in Southern France and made this discovery
After WWII, it became a popular tourist site, but in 1963, it was sealed off because it was getting damaged because of visitors
French government announced a plan to spent $64 million building a replica of the original cave
Guillaume Colombo is the director of the new cave and museum complex at Lascaux
Two Eiffel Towers in Paris
A
Phillipe Maindron built an Eiffel Tower that is around a tenth of the size of the original
Named his baby Tower the Eiffela
Eiffel Tower
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Made of 18k iron parts
Meant to be temporary
410 square-foot monument
It gets repainted every 7 years
It’s main function is a radio signal tower and TV broadcast tower
The Metallic Tower of Fourvière
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Lyon, France
Article falsely claims it was built 3 years before the Eiffel Tower
AWA Tower
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Sydney, Australia
Functions as a radio transmission tower
Tokyo Tower
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Tokyo, Japan
Taller than the original Eiffel Tower, second tallest structure in Japan
Eiffel Tower in Texas, USA
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Features a distinctive Cowboy hat on top, possibly included to beat a similar Indiana tower
Preloaded VR
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Modigliani VR
Each object included in the experience has been carefully researched, validated by art historians and modelled authentically by the team at Preloaded.
This includes the cans of sardines, the cigarette packet and even the way the windows would have opened to let the light in.”
To recreate the artworks within the room, multiple museum powerhouses including the MET worked together to replicate even the brushstrokes. .
Who is the founder of Lithodomos?
Simon Young
Lithodomos
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Australian company
Has reconstructed VR of ancient wonders and lets you immerse in its former glory and tour each location like you are traveling in time
Currently offers 60+ heritage sites and 500+ accurate 360 reconstruction
6$ per location
Gonzaga University history professor Andrew Goldman- teaching his students about Pompeii using Lithodomos
Ochre Atelier
Modigliani VR
The Tate, one of the leading modern art museums in the UK is now exhibiting a VR of Italian artist- Amedeo Modigliani final apartment/studio in Paris in 1919 after WWI
National Museum of Finland offering time travel VR
By donning a VR headset
Walking inside R. W. Ekman’s painting ‘The Opening of the Diet 1863 by Alexander II
Able to speak with the emperor and representatives of the different social classes
Visit the Hall of Mirrors in what was formerly the Imperial Palace, now known as the Presidential Palace
Built by Zoan Oy, who are the largest VR studio in Finland
Methodist Church in London
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Modern museum dedicated to VR
Rossin’s art studio
La Camera Insabbiata
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Laurie Anderson + Hsin-Chien Huang
Won Best VR Experience at the 74th Venice International Film Festival
Can have 4 people using VR at once
Judith and Holofernes
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Pedro Americo
Giorgio Vasari
Kehinde Wiley
Celebrate female rage
Judith in the Red Square
Vitaly Komar and Alexander Melamid
Woman holds the decapitated head or broken statue of Joseph Stalin
Stalin symbolizes the cruel oppressor, and the young women represents the modern generation of Soviets or Russians, fighting back to protect their homeland from totalitarianism
Judith= Female Rage
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Art critic Angelica Fey
Baroque era
Judith with the Head of Holofernes by Michael Wolgemut & Wilhelm Pleydenwurff
Fgure of Judith is kept alive in the Jewish Tradition on the festival of Chanukah, symbolized by the eating of salty cheese
Judith and Holofernes by Giorgio Vasari
Pearl Earring girl
“The girl with the pearl earring”
Johannes Vermeer
Painting on canvas
Portrait of a tronie
Dutch Mona Lisa
Artists Reimagine Vermeer’s painting
Hague’s Mauritshuis museum loaned Girl With a Pearl Earring, for an exhibition
Launched “My Girl With a Pearl,” asking any interested artists to reimagine the painting
Girl With Glowing Earrings
Created with the A.I. program Midjourney
German A.I. artist Julian van Dieken
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Oil equestrian portrait by French artist Jacques-Louis David
Most powerful portrayal of Napoleon
Artist (David) was a fervent advocate of the French Revolution- almost losing his life on the guillotine
Painting shows Napoleon leading his army on the invasion of northern Italy
To achieve more drama, he replaced the mule from Napoleon’s actual journey (on a fair summer day) with a stallion (battling a blistering storm)
Napoleonica
People collecting things about Napoleon
Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche painting is in the collection of Queen Elizabeth
Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Paul Delaroche
Based his picture on the account by the historian Adolphe Thiers
Produced over thirty years after Napoleon’s death
Depicts the then First Consul as he crossed the St Bernard Pass, the shortest route across the Alps, to surprise the Austrian army in Italy
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Emanuel Leutze
Shows when Washington led the troops across the Delaware to defeat the Hessian soldiers at the Battle of Trenton
Leutze was a loyal abolitionist
Piece became an icon for the Civil War as it reminded the fractured Americans of a time of unity and its founding principles
5 Factual errors in Leutze’s painting
Artsy editor Isaac Kaplan explains
1) Washington standing - The most obvious is Washington standing in the row boat. He should be standing, as should everyone since frigid water would be at the bottom of the boat, but his precarious pose is absolutely wrong.
2) Washington’s appearance - During this battle, he was a healthy 44 years old, not the aging man in the painting.
3) The lighting - The event actually happened under the cover of night, not at dawn. This was probably a purposeful mistake to capture the glorious lighting of dawn on the flag.
4) The flag - The version of the flag in use was not the right one in 1776.
5) The river - The real river was only a few hundred meters, not as wide and daunting as the picture portrays.
George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware
Robert Colescott
George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware - Page from an American History Textbook
Instead of George Washington, the hero is George Washington Carver, the American southern agronomist responsible for introducing peanuts to Alabama and ending the former slave state’s dependency on cotton
Painting uses a cartoon, satirical style (intentionally mocking) that uses bold, black generic characters in low-class roles to bring attention to racism, discrimination, and social structural divides that exist in the United States
Washington Crossing the Delaware
Mort Kunstler
Made an accurate version (2011)
He included a variety of different characters of various races
This was a deliberate attempt to showcase America’s diversity and how the war was an inclusive event
Castillo San Felipe
Significant landmark of Puerto Rico’s legacy within the Caribbean and Americas
Once a prominent military outpost, now its a popular cruise destination
Also known as Old San Juan
The first fortification La Fortaleza (currently the governor’s mansion)
When ships enter the bay, the two forts create a crossfire. Puerto Rico defended itself from invasions by the British, Dutch and pirates
Guildford Castle
VR
Travel through space and time to explore one of England’s earliest castles
Used a Faro Focus S350 LiDAR scanner to scan the overall site and then processed a model in RealityCapture, providing an instant “white box” of millimetre accuracy
Took inspiration from English Heritage’s restoration of Dover Castle’s great tower of the same period
Inspiration was also taken from period manuscripts, for example the Canterbury and Eadwine Psalters
Funai Castle
Ruins have been reimagined with holographic technology
Located in Ōita city, Japan
Built by Ōtomo Sōrin
Originally built with several turrets, all of which were burnt down with the three-story donjon- currently has 2 turrets.
Seven Medieval Castles
Digital reconstruction
Creative agency NeoMam Studios
Through 3D modelling
Fire destroyed original castle
Built for Otakar II of Bhomeia
No elevators in castle controversy
Iconic castle in a central Japan city
City of Nagoya will demolish the concrete main tower of Nagoya Castle and rebuild it with woodwork
Similar to one built by the Tokugawa shogunate
Yoshihiro Senda, a castle archeologist and professor said that there are other features in the recreation which old one did not have- so no reason to not add elevators
Restoring Notre Dame
Devastating fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris
President Emmanuel Macron promised to rebuild the church
Often takes a disaster for people to contribute to historical preservation
Shuri Castle and Controversial Heritage
Massive fire destroyed the Shuri Castle
Comparisons with the devastating fire at Notre Dame
Fortunately, like Notre Dame, the fire at Shuri Castle did not result in any casualties
600 year old, but was rebuilt in ‘92
Castle was a symbol of the former Ryukyu Kingdom
Parador Alcaniz
Castle in Alcañiz, Spain
Belonged to the Order of Calatrava
Military order played an important role in the reconquest of the town
During the 14th and 15th centuries, elements of Mudéjar ornamentation were added both to the castle itself and to the walls that surrounded it
Houses a Parador hotel designed by the Spanish architect José Luis Picardo
Oldest rooms are from 12th- 13th century
Winter Palace
palace in Saint Petersburg
Residence of the House of Romanov
Now it is the Hermitage Museum
There was a fire in the palace once
Most famous is the staircase
Difference Between a Castle and a Palace
Castles were built for defensive purposes- palaces were not
Palaces were for showing off, luxuries were placed in palaces
St Donats Castle
Cardiff, Wales
Origins date from the 12th century when the de Haweys and later Peter de Stradling began its development
The Stradlings held the castle for four hundred years, until Sir Thomas died in a duel
Castle’s condition declined after 18th century
Currently is a site of an international school
Rambagh Palace
Former residence of the Maharaja of Jaipur
Was a garden house built for the wet nurse of prince Ram Singh II
During the reign of Maharaja Thakur Sawai Madho Singh, it was converted into a modest royal hunting lodge, as the house was located in the midst of a thick forest at that time.
It is now operated as a five-star hotel by the Taj Hotels Group
Alnwick Castle
England
Currently the home of Ralph Percy
First parts were built following the Norman Conquest
Combined with adjacent attraction the Alnwick Garden- has many visitors
Appeared in many famous movies, most notably Harry Potter
Doune Castle
Located in central Scotland and where the Ardoch Burn (river) flows into the River Teith
Built in 13th century, damaged in the Scottish Wars of Independence and rebuilt in 14th century
Due to wars, used as a prison by government troops
Currently maintained by the Historical Environment Scotland
A site for many movies and TV series including Game of Thrones and Outlander
High Line Park
Once destined for demolition
Trains were dangerous for people earlier, so they decided to elevate the train line
Kai Tak Airport transformation
Once heralded as the most dangerous airport in the world
Stopped operation in 1997
New airside will be the tallest landmark occupying the old airport land and is a mixed-use (office, retail, art, dining and lots of greenery)
Skyscraper by Norwegian design studio Snøhetta
Sustainble (green) features
Athen’s Airport Transformation
Obsolete hangars and runways will become a groundbreaking mixed-use project, twice the size of New York’s Central Park and hailed as a smart city.
Old London Bridge
Popular paintings in the Iveagh Bequest at Kenwood
Painted by Dutch artist Claude De Jongh
Gives modern audience a perspective into the development of London during that period of time and helps us “reimagine” the past from an artistic perspective
Important as the city would be engulfed by the Great Fire of London
For centuries it was the only passage across the river Thames
Original bridge was damaged by 8 fires and even a tornado
19th century bridge was sold and re-erected in Arizona
Rooftop Farming
Expensive
City of Chicago is implementing
Environmental benefits: from reducing the buildings’ energy costs to cleaning the air to mitigating the urban heat island effect
According to Angie Mason, not every roof is suitable for farming
Many obstacles
Parking Lots and Solar panels
Lot of solar panel projects were stopped in UK and US because people did not want panels near their house
France has found a solution: transforming its parking lots into solar farms nationwide
According to a 2021 study Joshua Pearce, professor of electrical and computer engineering, installing solar panels over the parking lots of the 3,751 Walmart supercenters spread across the US alone could generate the same amount of electricity to that of around a dozen coal-fired power plants
