Stuff on the Bio Test

Question 1

Cells dividing uncontrollably

Answer 1

Cancer

Question 2

Division of prokaryotes is called

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

Simple steps to binary fission

Answer 3

Duplication of the chromosome and separation of the copies. These copies then divide

Question 4

How does binary fission compare to mitosis

Answer 4

Binary fission occurs primarily in prokaryotes (bacteria), while mitosis only occurs in eukaryotes

Question 5

Why do cells divide

Answer 5

Growth, repairing, and reproduction

Question 6

The first checkpoint of the cell cycle does what

Answer 6

Checks the integrity of the DNA

Question 7

Second checkpoint does what

Answer 7

Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at checkpoint 2

Question 8

Third checkpoint does what

Answer 8

Assess the attachment of kinetochore to a spindle fiber

Question 9

Entire complex consisting of roughly the same amount of DNA and protein

Answer 9

Chromatin

Question 10

One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 10

SIster chromatids

Question 11

What holds the sister chromatids together

Answer 11

Centromere

Question 12

(of a cell or nucleus) having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Answer 12

haploid

Question 13

What tumors don’t leave the original site

Answer 13

Benign

Question 14

tumors are mass of abnormally reproducing cells that can spread and invade other healthy organs of the body

Answer 14

Malignant

Question 15

If the cancer cells spread it is called

Answer 15

METASTASIS

Question 16

ANGIOGENESIS

Answer 16

Cancer cells can signal blood vessels to grow to them by releasing chemicals

Question 17

Use chemical to kill cancer cells that are dripped in an IV.

Answer 17

chemotherapy

Question 18

Using intense radiation (UV rays) and locally zapping the cancer cells.

Answer 18

radiation

Question 19

Antibodies (Proteins)

Answer 19

immunotherapy

Question 20

How many autosomes are found in the human sperm cell?

Answer 20

22 chromosomes in a gamete (23 because they’re a haploid)

Question 21

Which are identical? Sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes? Explain.

Answer 21

Sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosomes. Homologous have the same genetic information coded on them but the coding itself doesn’t have to be the same

Question 22

(of a cell or nucleus) containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 22

Diploid

Question 23

Chromatin what exactly does it do?

Answer 23

Contains the DNA which is an instruction booklet of the cell

Question 24

Chromatin isn’t just DNA. It has proteins that are “shelves” What are these “shelves” called?

Answer 24

Histones

Question 25

DNA is found in 2 forms: smaller circular pieces = plasmids and large loop = nucleiod

Answer 25

Prokaryotic DNA

Question 26

Nuclear DNA and DNA found in other membrane-bound organelles: mitochondria and chroloplasts
much more DNA than prokaryotes

Answer 26

Eukaryotic DNA

Question 27

Cell copies DNA and prepares for division

Answer 27

Interphase

Question 28

chromosomes are visible
centrioles migrate to the poles
Nuclear membrane disappears
nucleolus disappears
spindle forms

Answer 28

prophase

Question 29

Chromosomes line up on the equator

Answer 29

metaphase

Question 30

chromatids separate and move to opposite poles pulled by spindle

Answer 30

anaphase

Question 31

chromosomes disappear
nuclear membrane reforms
nucleoli reappears
spindle disappears
centrioles duplicate

Answer 31

telophase

Question 32

division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells

Answer 32

cytokenisis

Question 33

How many chromosomes does a cell have after mitosis

Answer 33

46

Question 34

After meiosis how many chromosomes will a cell have

Answer 34

23