Cells 8.8

Question 1

Without an added growth factor will cultured cells suspended in water divide

Answer 1

WIthout the added growth factor they will fail to divide

Question 2

Skin cells go through the cell cycle in about how many days

Answer 2

2-5

Question 3

How long does it take nerve cells to complete the cell cycle

Answer 3

They won’t. they are stuck in the cell cycle forever

Question 4

What controls the movement through the cell cycle?

Answer 4

Internal regulating (within the cell) factors. and external regulating factors (outside of the cell)

Question 5

Cell cycle can be initiated by what events

Answer 5

Death of a nearby cell, presence of growth hormones, size of the cell, and crowding of the cells

Question 6

Does the cell have internal mechanisms to prevent a compromised cell from dividing?

Answer 6

Yes this halts the cell cycle progression until conditions are favorable to proceed

Question 7

If this halting doesn’t happen cells will undergo APOPTOSIS

Answer 7

Yes apoptosis is cell death

Question 8

The first checkpoint of the cell cycle does what

Answer 8

Checks the integrity of the DNA

Question 9

Second checkpoint does what

Answer 9

Proper chromosome duplication is assessed at checkpoint 2

Question 10

Third checkpoint does what

Answer 10

Assess the attachment of kinetochore to a spindle fiber

Question 11

What tumors do NOT leave the original site

Answer 11

Benign

Question 12

What tumors are mass of abnormally reproducing cells that can spread and invade other healthy organs of the body

Answer 12

Malignant

Question 13

Cancer cells spreading is called

Answer 13

METASTASIS

Question 14

The process of ANGIOGENESIS is

Answer 14

Cancer cells sending chemicals out to get blood vessels to grow to them

Question 15

Can cancer cells avoid apoptosis (cell death)

Answer 15

Yes making their lives last longer

Question 16

Use chemical to kill cancer cells that are dripped in an IV.

Answer 16

chemotherapy

Question 17

Using intense radiation (UV rays) and locally zapping the cancer cells.

Answer 17

radiation

Question 18

Antibodies (Proteins)

Answer 18

immunotherapy

Question 19

How many autosomes are found in the human sperm cell?

Answer 19

22 chromosomes in a gamete (23 because they’re a haploid)

Question 20

If a Hawk has a body cell with 68 chromosomes, how many would the gametes have?

Answer 20

68 is the diploid # found in the somatic cells. During meiosis this # is halved and the resulting cells are gametes.
So 1/2 of 68 is 34.

Question 21

Which are identical? Sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes? Explain.

Answer 21

Sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosomes. Homologous have the same genetic information coded on them but the coding itself doesn’t have to be the same

Question 22

chromosomes of the same kind, but each is from a different parent. What type of chromosome?

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes

Question 23

Taking a cell with two copies of chromosome (diploid) and makes a cell with a single copy of every chromosome (haploid)

Answer 23

Meiosis

Question 24

What happens in meiosis

Answer 24

one diploid cells produces 4 haploid cells

Question 25

events leading to variation

Answer 25

Crossing over that occurs during Meiosis, Prophase Part 1

Question 26

NONDISJUNCTION

Answer 26

Chromosomes pairs don’t separate during meiosis

Question 27

What happens after nondisjunction

Answer 27

One gamete receives 2 of the same type of chromosome and another gamete receives no copy of that chromosome.

Question 28

Not involved in disjunction means

Answer 28

The chromosomes are distributed normally

Question 29

If an abnormal gamete produced by nondisjunction unites with a normal gamete during fertilization

Answer 29

The result is a zygote with an abnormal amount of chromosomes

Question 30

What do scientists use to prepare a karyotype

Answer 30

Lymphocytes a white blood cell

Question 31

How is the blood cell treated?

Answer 31

It’s treated with a chemical that stimulates mitosis

Question 32

Trisomy 21

Answer 32

Most common chromosome number abnormality

Question 33

When is down syndrome more common

Answer 33

When the mother is older or above 40

Question 34

Loss of all or part of a chromosome

Answer 34

Deletion

Question 35

Extra copies of parts of a chromosome

Answer 35

Duplication

Question 36

Reverse the direction of parts of the chromosomes

Answer 36

Inversion

Question 37

Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome

Answer 37

Translocation