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RS Christianity 2022-23 > Stuff not sure about > Flashcards

Stuff not sure about Flashcards

1
Q

Range of views on the NOG: Plymouth Brethren

A
  • Christian denomination that focus on the holiness of God and his purity.
  • Only those who are part of the Brethren are able to truly know the oneness of God.
  • They’ve removed themselves from the world and its evil
  • Go by 1 John 2:15: “Do not love the world or anything in the world.”
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2
Q

Range of views on the NOG: Amish

A
  • Separate themselves from the pollution and sin in the world.
  • They believe they need to do good works in order to attain salvation.
  • They believe God is forgiving but they need to live in accordance with the laws and commands present in the Bible for salvation
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3
Q

Range of views on the NOG: Hillsong Church

A
  • Focuses on the grace of God for forgiveness
  • Doesn’t believe that anything a person has done can lead to salvation as a reward.
  • God’s forgiveness is a revelation of his benevolence and it’s a gift.
  • A simple belief and acceptance of all this is required for salvation (John 3:16)
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4
Q

Range of views on the NOG: Baptist Churches

A
  • God is directly accessible by all believers.
  • Don’t believe humans need a priest to access God, unlike the Catholic church.
  • The Free Church emphasises on the personal and accessible nature of God.
  • Jesus taught the disciples to pray to God using the word ‘Abba’ meaning ‘dad’. This is a symbol of the close relationship God has with Christians.
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5
Q

Describe what Christians mean when they say God is immanent 3 marks

A
  • God is present within his creation, though separate
  • God is involved with human lives
  • Christians believe God is active in the world (immanent) through miracles like healing the sick.
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6
Q

State three things said/done during Eucharist.

A

Bible readings
The priest/minister reminds the congregation of the significance of the bread and wine
The congregation receive the communion

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7
Q

State three things done during Infant baptism.

A

In the Roman Catholic Church water is sprinkled over the child’s head, blessed oil called chrism is rubbed on their forehead and the congregation welcomes the child into the family of God, reading from the liturgy.

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8
Q

Give three reasons why a Christian may want to be confirmed.

A

To confirm their faith in public in front of the Christian congregation.
To fulfil the promises made by their parents at baptism.
Because it’s a sacrament in some denominations.

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9
Q

Describe the purpose of the World Council of Churches. 3 marks

A

To overcome divisions between Christians, to restore the unity of the church and to promote Missio Dei - God’s activity.

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10
Q

Describe what the term Atonement means to Christians.

A

Atonement refers to the action of making amends for wrongdoing. Humans have disobeyed God and his justice demands punishment but instead Jesus sacrificed himself. This means that God and mankind can be reconciled.

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11
Q

Transcendent

A

Beyond the laws of human nature.

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12
Q

Immanence

A

The belief that God is nearby and we can feel His presence.

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13
Q

Stories in the Bible exposing God’s character

A

Noah’s Ark story - justice, righteousness
Sodom and Gomorrah story - justice, judge
Abraham sacrificing his son Isaac - God is jealous and wants loyalty and faithfulness

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14
Q

Why do Unitarians such as Christadelphians not believe in the Trinity?

A

The Trinity leads to the idea that there is more than one God and puts the monotheism of Christianity in danger. They see it as going against the 2nd of the Ten Commandments: ‘You shall have no other gods before me.’

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15
Q

Range of views on Creation: Literal interpretation

A

The belief that the Bible is God’s actual words and the world was created in exactly 6 days. God’s word is infallible and should be taken as absolute truth.

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16
Q

Range of views on Creation: Myth

A

Def: A story used to convey important truths but isn’t meant to be taken literally.
Scientific evidence shows the universe is billions of years old, rather than several thousand years old, so the Genesis accounts can’t be literally true.

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17
Q

Range of views on Creation: compatible with science

A
  • God’s time isn’t the same as our time.
  • Suggests each day of the week in the Creation story actually represents a longer period of time, maybe even billions of years.
  • This makes the creation account more compatible with the evidence provided by science about the age and development of life on the Earth.
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18
Q

Mackie’s Inconsistent Triad

A

If God is omnibenevolent, then He would care enough to stop the suffering caused by evil, but He hasn’t, so maybe He isn’t omnipotent (all-powerful)

On the other hand, if He’s omnipotent and has the power to stop suffering but He hasn’t, maybe he doesn’t care enough, so He is obviously not omnibenevolent.

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19
Q

Irenaean theodicy:

A
  • Irenaeus stated that God made humans imperfect and is therefore partly responsible for the existence of evil.
  • By creating imperfect humans, individuals are given the chance to develop and grow through a soul-making process into children of God.
  • Irenaeus stated that eventually good will overcome evil and suffering.
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20
Q

Augustinian theodicy

A
  • There is no evil in God’s creation.
  • Augustine argues that evil is in fact the absence of goodness.
  • It is by human free will that evil comes into existence.
  • The Fall means that all humans inherit a sinful nature described as original sin.
  • God didn’t stop Adam and Eve from eating the fruit because he gave them free will and they would be like robots instead of people who have the power to make decisions.
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21
Q

What do Christians today think about evil and suffering? (Conservative Christians)

A
  • Some conservative Christians see suffering in the way Augustine did, as a natural result of the sinful nature of humans.
  • In this view, war, famine and disease all come from the evil that’s within humans. But this doesn’t explain why a loving God allows natural evils or why innocent people suffer.
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22
Q

What do Christians today think about evil and suffering? (Other views)

A

Other Christians see the world as a test, human evil is something humans are responsible for and without natural disasters there would be no opportunity for Christians to show their love to others.

Other Christians believe God has a purpose here that humans don’t fully understand.

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23
Q

Range of views on Jesus’ life: Modern Science

A

Modern science makes it difficult to believe in a virgin birth, healing miracles, nature miracles and the resurrection.

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24
Q

Range of views on Jesus’ life: Liberal Christians

A

Some liberal Christians will look for the meaning behind events such as these. The miracles, for example, are just like parables and are meant to teach us about how Jesus put Christian love (agape) into action.

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25
Q

Range of views on Jesus’ life: Conservative Christians

A

Conservative Christians and especially those who believe the Bible is the literal word of God will say God can do anything as He’s omnipotent. This means anything is possible, including a virgin birth and miracles.

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26
Q

Range of views on the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection and ascension: Conservative Christians

A

Some conservative Christians take the view that the events actually took place as described, while others may see them as metaphorical.

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27
Q

What do Roman Catholics focus on during worship: the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection or ascension?

A

The use of a crucifix in worship by Roman Catholics allows them to focus on the meaning of the death of Jesus and on his sacrifice and suffering.

28
Q

What do Protestants focus on: the incarnation, crucifixion, resurrection or ascension?

A

The empty cross found in Protestant churches emphasises the idea that the cross was not the end and Jesus rose from the dead.

29
Q

Salvation

A

Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.

30
Q

Grace

A

God’s unconditional love for everyone, whether or not they have behaved as He wants them to.

31
Q

Redemption

A

The idea that humanity can be saved from sin - redeemed - through the actions of Jesus.

32
Q

Repentance

A

Turning away from your sins and asking God for forgiveness.

33
Q

Atonement

A

The term atonement refers to the belief that Jesus dying on the cross resolved the problems between humans and God.

34
Q

Range of views on salvation

A
  • Many Christians believe that Jesus was a sacrifice that paid for human sin.
  • A similar view is that Jesus’ death was a ransom, which paid for the release of human sinners.
  • Another understanding is that by becoming human, as Jesus was, God also enabled this to work the other way, so that humans could achieve a union with God and this allows them to be saved.
35
Q

Range of views on individuals receiving salvation: Roman Catholics

A

Roman Catholics believe themselves to be saved by being baptised and belonging to the Church. Their participation in the sacraments are key to ensuring their salvation.

36
Q

Range of views on individuals receiving salvation: Evangelical Christians

A

Evangelical Christians believe it’s by faith in Jesus that will allow them to be saved.

37
Q

Range of views on individuals receiving salvation: Amish

A

Some Christians, like the Amish, believe they need to do good works to be saved.

38
Q

Purgatory

A

(Roman Catholic teaching) This is a place where some people who have sinned are purified in a ‘cleansing fire’, after which they are accepted into Heaven.

39
Q

Range of views of life after death

A
  • Many Christians push life after death to the back of their minds
  • They concentrate on doing good works and helping others so that their eternal life in heaven isn’t at risk.
  • Leilani’s answer
40
Q

Main points about Anglican worship

A
  • They use the Book of Common Prayer or Common Worship liturgy books for congregational worship.
  • During the service hymns will be sung along with canticles; people stand and sing to these.
  • They will also stand for the reading of the creed and Gospel reading. *They do a lot of charitable work.
41
Q

Roman Catholic worship

A
  • They use an order of service, which is written in a book called a missal.
  • They have a similar structure to the Church of England.
  • The main difference is that Catholics believe in transubstantiation and most Anglicans don’t.
  • Catholics believe Jesus’ sacrifice is truly recreated at the altar, but most Anglicans think His death to only have happened once, never to be repeated.
42
Q

Quaker worship

A
  • People enter the room and take a seat in silence. They reflect, think and listen as a form of worship.
  • There are no songs, set prayers, readings or talks.
  • During worship people may choose to speak, pray or read aloud and this is called ministry.
43
Q

Greek Orthodox worship

A
  • Eucharist is called the Divine Liturgy.
  • The first section of the service is called the ‘Liturgy of the Word’ and it contains hymns, prayers and a reading from the Bible set for that day.
  • This is followed by the ‘Liturgy of the Faithful’ which includes the Nicene Creed and Lord’s Prayer being recited.
  • Holy Communion then takes place and during the Prayer of Consecration, God the Father is called upon to send down his Holy Spirit to change the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ.
44
Q

Methodist worship

A
  • They follow a liturgy and are very similar to the Anglican Church.
  • They may follow a less structured service though.
  • They practice open communion where all people can participate in it and this is based on the belief that it is Christ’s Table, not the Methodists’ Table.
45
Q

Non-liturgical denominations

A

Baptist, Methodist or Presbyterian churches.

46
Q

Charismatic worship

A
  • Some Christians believe they can experience the same gifts of the Holy Spirit as the apostles did on the day of Pentecost.
  • No set pattern: includes dancing, clapping, people raising their hands and instruments.
  • They trust the Holy Spirit to lead the service.
47
Q

What do RC’s believe during Holy Communion?

A

Transubstantiation: the bread and wine becomes the blood and body of Jesus

48
Q

What do Anglicans believe during Holy Communion?

A

Consubstantiation: Jesus is believed to be spiritually present in the bread and wine.

49
Q

Types of prayer

A

Adoration, Confession, Supplications and Intercession, Thanksgiving, Grace and Praying in the Spirit (Glossolalia)

50
Q

Adoration

A

Prayers that focus on God’s character and adore him for who He is. Christians are better to keep their own lives in perspective.

51
Q

Confession

A

Christians will bring before God anything they have done wrong, or things they’ve failed to do that they should’ve done. They are seeking God’s forgiveness.

52
Q

Supplications and intercession

A

S - Asking for God’s help in a challenging situation or his healing.

I - praying on the behalf of others in the hope that God will help them.

53
Q

Thanksgiving

A

Prayers of thanks help Christians to remain grateful for God’s provision in their lives.

54
Q

Grace

A

Thanking God before eating a meal. Jesus gave thanks when feeding the five thousand in Matthew 15:36

55
Q

Praying in the Spirit

A

Either praying an inspired prayer, one led by the Holy Spirit within the believer or praying in tongues.

56
Q

Summary of Lourdes

A
  • Bernadette Soubirous claimed to have visions of the Virgin Mary near Lourdes.
  • In the vision the Virgin predicted that a water spring would appear, and it did.
  • It’s reported to have healing powers and a Roman Catholic Church was built at Lourdes.
  • Called the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary
  • Over 7,000 healings
  • Many pilgrims travel for physical healing as well as spiritual healing or to strengthen their faith in God.
57
Q

Summary of Jerusalem

A

Jesus lived here towards the end of his life and it’s where he died and was resurrected. Helps the Bible come to life and enables them to reflect more deeply on their faith. The Church of Holy Sepulchre has been built over the spot where the tomb of Jesus is believed to have been.

58
Q

SUMMARY OF WALSINGHAM

A
  • In the 11th century, The Lady of the Manor in Walsingham had a vision of the Virgin Mary’s home and she built what she saw in her vision in Norfolk.
  • The focal points included a statue of Virgin Mary and a bottle of milk from Mary’s breasts.
  • Many miracles were claimed to take place and the original shrine was destroyed but was restored by the Church in 1897.
  • Today their is a carving of the Virgin within the house of Mary.
59
Q

Summary of Rome

A

Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church. St Peter’s, the largest Christian church in the world, is built above what is believed to be the remains of St Peter. It’s also the home of the Pope, head of the Roman Catholic Church.

60
Q

What’s Advent?

A
  • Begins on the fourth Sunday before 25 December.
  • Advent in the church marks the period of waiting for the celebration of Jesus’ birth, but also for his Second Coming.
  • Churches may have Advent wreaths with four candles on them, and each Sunday in the Advent period one of the candles will be lit.
  • Christians may use this time to get spiritually ready for Christmas, giving time to prayer and seeking God’s forgiveness.
61
Q

What happens in Lent?

A
  • Easter takes place at the end of Holy Week.
  • In the lead up to this week Christians in the Orthodox Church, RC and COE observe a period of 40 days known as Lent.
  • Today Christians use this period as a time of fasting to recall when Jesus spent 40 days fasting in the wilderness.
  • Jesus was tempted by Satan to eat but he resisted it and by Christians fasting, they’re showing they will try to resist temptation too.
62
Q

Brainscape Revise (Easter deck)
Palm Sunday
Maundy Thursday
Good Friday
Easter Sunday

A

REVISE IT BRUD

63
Q

What do Baptist churches believe about infant baptism?

A

Some non-conformist churches like Baptist churches don’t believe in infant baptism instead they do dedication. A dedication service gives thanks to God for the birth of the baby.

64
Q

What’s the Christian belief about marriage?

A

Marriage is obedience to God and a foundation for a Christian family.

65
Q

What’s the difference between the beliefs Catholics and Protestants have about marriage?

A

Catholics believe marriage is a sacrament and marriage is with God.

Protestants get married under the authority of God.

66
Q

What cancels marriage for RC’s?

A

Annulment - as if the marriage never existed

67
Q

Conservatives view of the Bible

A

Conservatives (Bible): The Bible writers were inspired by God, but they were human and as such the Bible may have mistakes in it. They were writing at a certain point in history a while ago which means it needs to be interpreted so that it’s applicable to the world today.

RS Christianity 2022-23 (10 decks)

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