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Misc Facts For Mrcpsych > Stuff > Flashcards

Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Types of sleep, wad stages are there? And how much % each stage has is in its sleep ?

Which stage is the most common

A

R.E.M. Sleep and non R.E.M. Sleep

R.E.M. Sleep consists of 25%

Non R.E.M. Sleep has 4 stage
1,2,3,4

Stage 1 has 5%
Stage two has 45% most common
Stage three 12%
Stage four 13%

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2
Q

Wad is shown in eeg for stage one sleep

A

Theta with sharp wVe

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3
Q

Stage two sleep has wad in eeg

A

K complex and sleep spindle

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4
Q

Stage 3 had wad in its eeg compared to stage 4 sleep

A

Stage three has >50% delta wave, stage 4 has >50% delta wave

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5
Q

Wad abnormalities u can see in Tourette ‘s syndrome

A

Striated dopaminergic Dysfunction

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6
Q

Wad u see in brain imaging for Parkinson’s

A

Depigmentation of substantial Nigra

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7
Q

Wad is the bad side effect of tacrine

A

Increased liver enzymes

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8
Q

Wad can we use to treat akathesia

Name 6

A 
Clonazepam 
Dopamine agonist : ropinirole, l dopa 
Mirtazapine 
Mineserin 
Cyproheptidine 
Propranolol
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9
Q

Factors that causes QTC prolongation

Name 4-5

A 
Female, 
HypoK
HypoMG
Hypo Cal
Bradycardia
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10
Q

Wad cause antiemetic properties in amisulpride

A

D2 blockage

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11
Q

Wad drugs can cause depression

Name 7

A

Clonidine, cimetidine, propranolol, digoxin, furosemide, bromocriptine, phenothiazine, methydopa

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12
Q

Wad is intrinsic activity

A

Efficacy of resulting functional response

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13
Q

Wad diuretic drugs can be given to lithium

A

Loop diuretics eg furosemide

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14
Q

Name 4 things tat can not be eaten with concurrent MAOI

A

Broad beans, red wine, cheese, pickled herrings

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15
Q

Wad type of drugs mianerine is

A

Inhibitor of noradrenaline, alpha 2 antagonist and weak alpha 1 blocker

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16
Q

Name 2 type 1 metabolic phase 1 stuff

A

Hydrolysis, oxidation

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17
Q

Name 4 metabolic phase 2 stuff

A

Methylation, glucorinadation, conjugation, n-acetylation

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18
Q

Smoking can increase or decrease

1) clozapine
2) caffeine
3) cyp1a2

A

Decrease clozapine
Decrease caffeine
Increase cyp1a2 metabolism

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19
Q

Name three symptoms tat can happen in tia anterior circulation and posterior circulation

A

Anterior: hemiplegia, aphasia, amaurosis fulgax, visual loss,

Posterior: ataxia, dysarthria, diplopia, vertigo, vomiting

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20
Q

Wad is Kluver bucy syndrome
3 symptoms

Where is the lesion

A

Hypersexuality, oral exploration, agitation

Bilateral lesion of amygdala and hippocampus

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21
Q

EEG in ad

A

Generalized background slowing

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22
Q

Effects on drugs for eeg

Lithium
Antidepressant
Antipsychotics

A

Lithium: Decrease alpha wave

Antidepressant and antipsychotics: increase alpha, theta and delta, decrease beta

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23
Q

Effects of opioids to eeg

A

Decrease alpha, increase voltage of theta and delta

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24
Q

Alcohol on eeg

Normal and withdrawal

A

Increase alpha, increased theta.

Withdrawal increase beta

Dot has fast beta activities

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25
Q

Benzo in eeg

A

Increase beta, decrease alpha

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26
Q

Kleive levin syndrome

Three symptoms
Where is the lesion

A

Hyperplasia, hypersexuality, hyper somnolence, hyperactivity

Hypothalamus abnormality
Cause by viral illness

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27
Q

Leptin

Cause wad
Where

A

Adipose tissue

Control food intake- anorexigenic

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28
Q

Ghrelin

Cause wad
Where

A 
Increase appetite 
At stomach (p cell) and pancreass
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29
Q

Neuroleptic y

A

Increase food intake

Decrease physical activities increased in fat ppl

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30
Q

Wad mediates in hypothermic Centre

A

Preoptic anterior hypothalamus

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31
Q

What mediates the hyperthermic centre

A

Post hypothalamus

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32
Q

What are the hold test for WAIS

Name 3

A

Vocab, information object assortment, pic completion

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33
Q

Wad lobe is involved in nominal aphasia

A

Parietal

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34
Q

Wad cause alexia without Agraphia, which part of it

Wad artery involved

A

Splenum of corpus callosum

Post cerebral artery

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35
Q

Wad does Gcs do

A

Predict mortality

Mortality 70% if <8

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36
Q

Robertsonian translocation causes wad type of fusion results

A

Metacentric fusion results

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37
Q

Wad causes a kinetic mutism wad vessels are involved

A

Cingulate gyrus

Ant cerebral artery

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38
Q

Name two parts that are asymmetrical in the brain

A

Hesch’s gyrus and planum tegmentum

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39
Q

Which area of the brain affects n cause depression

A

Hypothalamus

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40
Q

Types of receptors

Name 3

A

1) inotropic : ligand gate
2) metabotropic: G protein
3) ligand dependent regulators of nuclear transcription (nuclear receptors)

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41
Q

Examples for ionotropic receptors name 3

A

GABA A

NMDA

5HT 3

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42
Q

What psychotropic cause whitish brownish deposits in the eye

A

Chlorpromazine

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43
Q

What is first to go for normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunting

A

Gait

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44
Q

What is hayling test

A

Hayling sentence completion test

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45
Q

What is Brixton test

A

Brixton spatial anticipation test
To detect rules in sequence in formula
No verbal response needed

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46
Q

Where hemiballismus lesion is

A

Infarcts of contralateral subthalamic nucleus

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47
Q

Name 6 tat causes autism

A

Fragile x syndrome, Down’s syndrome, Rett syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, hypomelanosis of Ito

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48
Q

Wad is the increase risk of Alzheimer disease

With epo E allele

A

Five

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49
Q

How to identity fragile x syndrome with wad deprivation with its cell

A

Thymidine

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50
Q

Who propose endophetype concepts

A

Gottesman

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51
Q

Wad gene and type of transmission for Tay Sachs

Death by wad age

A

Hexosamidose A
Auto recessive
Death by 4

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52
Q

Which part of brain will hav disgust

A

Insula

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53
Q

Symptoms for cerebellum flucconodular (vestibular) lesion

Name 3

A

Loss of equilibrium and gait
Nystagmus
Ataxia

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54
Q

Symptoms for lateral cerebrocerebellum of the cerebellum

A

Loss of planned movement, hypotonia, dysarthria

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55
Q

Wad connects both hemisphere

Which part of it

A

Gene of corpus callosum

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56
Q

Which ions are helpful in CNS hyperpolarisation

A

Chloride, potassium

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57
Q

Which dopamine receptors is at pre and post synaptic junction

A

D1 and d5

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58
Q

Which is the most powerful opioid endogenous peptide

A

Dynorphin

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59
Q

Wad causes female pseudo hemaphrodism

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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60
Q

Valproate causes wad hepotitoxicity in terms of 1 in how many

A

1 in 100000

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61
Q

Wad drug can help with Ren sleep behaviour

A

Clonazepam

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62
Q

The factors tat cause clozapine induced neutropenia

Name 3

A

Race Afro Carribean , Asian, jewish
Increasing age
Low baseline WCC
Female gender

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63
Q

Wad drugs can help treat narcolepsy

A

Methylphenidate for day time sleepiness
Modafinil for drop attacks
SSRI/TCA to decrease R.E.M. Sleep

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64
Q

Clozapine can cause thromboembolism for how Long?

A

3 months

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65
Q

Wad is Wallenberg syndrome
Where is the artery involve
Wad symptoms
Where is the lesions

A

Brain stem lesions
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Cerebellar signs + facial drop (Horner’s syndrome), facial numbness, Diplopia

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66
Q

Normal rate for late onset Alzheimer’s

A

7%

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67
Q

Rate of first degree relative for ad
2nd degree
Monozygotic twins

A

15-20%
2nd degree 10%
Monozygotic twins 80%-85%

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68
Q

Wad is a weakly eosinophilic, spherical cytoplamic inclusion

A

Lewy body

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69
Q

Wad is Neurites that increase reputable of dopamine that could b toxic

A

Alpha synuclein

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70
Q

Wad is large swollen neurons, cells, lass of noisily substance, peripherally displaces nucleus

A

Picks bodies

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71
Q

When theory of the mind develops

A

4 years

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72
Q

Wad is good for children n adults with communication n language difficulties

A

Makaton vocab

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73
Q

Time and severity for post traumatic amnesia

A

Mild less than 1 hour
Moderate 1 to 24 hours
Sever more than 1 day

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74
Q

Short term memory is often in wad modality

A

Acoustic

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75
Q

Who propose body type with personalities ?

A

Kretschmer

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76
Q

Where the stm is usually stored

How abt ltm

A

STM: prefrontal

Ltm; hippocampus and entorhinal cortex

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77
Q

Wad is latah

A

Exaggerated response after being startled

Echolalia, echopraxia

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78
Q

Where is neuroasthesia being categorised

A

Other neurotic disorder

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79
Q

Wad drug can cause positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

Phencyclidine a non competitive nmda

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80
Q

Ftd family history how many percentage

A

50%

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81
Q

Wad drugs can cause water intoxication

How many percentage u see in chronic schizophrenia

A

Estasy

20%

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82
Q

Wad chromosome is affected in hung ting on

Wad u can see in mri

A

Chromosome 4

Degeneration of striatum

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83
Q

Who propose derailment ?

A

Cameron

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84
Q

Wad is Zar

A

Spirit possession
Laughing shouting
Dissociative episode

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85
Q

Wad drugs causes pinpoint pupils

A

Heroin

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86
Q

Wad is the word lethological means

A

Blocking, tip of the tongue

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87
Q

Wad consists of corpus striatum

A

Put amen and caudate

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88
Q

Wad consists of lentiform

A

Putamen and globus pallidus

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89
Q

Wad made from telencephalon named 3

A

Cerebrum
Corpus striatum
Pallidum

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90
Q

Wad make Diencephalon

Name three

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body

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91
Q

Wad made from mescephalon

Name three

A

Mid brain
Red nucleus
Tegmentum colliculli

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92
Q

What is made from metcephalon name two

A

Pons, cerebellum

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93
Q

Wad made myecephalon

A

Caudal part of medulla oblongata

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94
Q

Wad two things take part in the reward system

A

Nucleus accumbuns

Ventral tegmentum

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95
Q

Where is Broca

A

Left Inferior frontal cortex

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96
Q

Wad part helps in Recognising faces

A

Fusiform gyrus

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97
Q

Wad and wad is enthorhinal cortex

Wad vessel help it

A

Temporal lobe
Helps in Long term memory and navigation
Posterior cerebral artery

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98
Q

Where is ventral tegmental area

A

Mid brain

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99
Q

Wad vessel can cause Colour processsing be affected

A

Left posterior cerebral artery

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100
Q

Wad does cck involved in

Beta endorphin

Orexin

Vasopressin

Glutamate

A

Anxiety

Beta: mood

Orexin: circadian rhythm

Vaso : cognition

Glutamate: memory

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101
Q

Wad gene does Rhett gets involved

A

XMecp2

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102
Q

Where does nicotine acts

A

Acts at acetylcholine receptors

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103
Q

What neuro peptide

Can affect Huntington disease

A

Substance P will b decreased

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104
Q

Endocannabines is associated with wad disorder

A

Schizophrenia

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105
Q

Neurotensin is associated with wad disorder

A

Schizophrenia

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106
Q

Wad chromosome affects William syndrome

A

7

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107
Q

Wad chromosome affects venlocardiofacial syndrome

A

22

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108
Q

Wad is the Symptoms of William syndrome

A

Sociable, verbal better than spatial
Triad
Facial, hypercalcemia, supra valvular stenosis

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109
Q

What is a ataxic gait

A

Board base

Wide

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110
Q

Waddling involves wad disorder

A

Pregnancy, proximal muscle probs

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111
Q

Wad causes stomping gait name 3

A 
Peripheral neuropathy
Dorsal Coloumns
B12 probs
Diabetes 
Friedreichs ataxia
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112
Q

What causes steppage gait

A

Peroneal nerve palsies

Charcot Marie’s tooth

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113
Q

What causes scissoring gait

A

UMN, CEREBRAL PALSY

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114
Q

Wad causes scanning speech

A

Cerebellar disorder

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115
Q

Wad will a lmn lesion speech sound like

How abt umn

A

Flaccid tongue, nasal quality

UMN: imprecise articulation
Spastic, contracted tongue , hoarse, high pitch

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116
Q

Aura is seen in what kind of seizures

A

Complex partial seizures

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117
Q

Wad drugs will cause increase prolactism

Wad drug will cause prostatism

A

1) amisulpride

2) amitriptyline

118
Q

Percentage of clozapine for seizure of more than how many?

A

5%

More than 600

119
Q

Usually clozapine associated neutropenia occur within how many week

A

20

120
Q

Percentage of mortality for nms

A

20-25%, 30% if depot

121
Q

Name four antidepressants that is useful for pregnancy

A

Imipramine, Nortripline, amitriptyline, fluoxetine

122
Q

Wad is the percentage of gi bleed if ssri is added with wad?

A

Aspirin 43%

123
Q

Lithium will show wad in ecg

A

Flattening or inversion of ecg

124
Q

Name 5 things that will be caused by alpha 1 blockage

And wad can be caused by stimulation

A

Blockage : priapism, retrograde evacuation, impotence, hypotension, anorganism

Simulation: insomnia

125
Q

Wad is special abt amantadine

A

Helps Parkinson and the flu

126
Q

Half life of risperidone

A

24

127
Q

Half life of lithium

A

Around 1 day

128
Q

Half life of clozapine

A

Around 15

129
Q

Half life of sodium valproate

A

Around 15 hours

130
Q

When usually need to off oral stuff when start depot

A

2-3 months

131
Q

Name 4 things that increase lithium concentration

A

Thiazides
NSAIDs
Fluoxetine
Ace inhibitor

132
Q

Name 3 things that decrease lithium concentration

A

Aminophyllin
Osmotic diuretic
Caffeine

133
Q

Name 5 things tat does not increase concentration of lithium but will increase toxicity

A 
Carbamazepine
Haloperidol
clozapine
Calcium channel blocker
Metronidazole
Atracurium
134
Q

Normal dose for duloxetine

A

60 to 120

135
Q

Varanicline for wad and how

A

Smoking cessation

Alpha 4, beta 2 unit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

136
Q

Name 4 test in verbal component for wais

A

Arthemtric, digit span, vocab, information , comprehension,

137
Q

Name 4 test for performance in WAIS

A

Picture arrangement, block design, digit symbol, matrix reasoning

138
Q

Wad is epileptic automaticism and how Long

A

Confusion during and after seizure

Seconds to minutes

139
Q

Risk of alcohol dependence in family

A

4

140
Q

Risk of panic disorder In family

A

4-8

141
Q

Where is isomer of maoi expressed

A

Chromosome x

142
Q

Which part of the Brain in control of taste

A

Insula, inf. frontal gyrus

143
Q

Where is the genetic component of ADHD

A

D4 dopamine drd4

144
Q

Which part of the brain will not hav bbb

Name 4

A

Subfornical organ
Post pituitary
Median eminence
Area postremia

145
Q

Agencies of corpus callosum is due to

A

Disorder of neuranal migration

146
Q

Prolactin is secreted by wad nucleus at where

A

Actuate nucleus at ant pituitary

147
Q

Wad psychotropic causes sweating

A

SSRI

148
Q

Pigeon gait Is for

A

Hip dysplasia

149
Q

Wad does arcuate fasculus attach

A

Frontal to inferior parietal

150
Q

Wad does medial geniculate n inf collicili do

A

Auditory

151
Q

Wad does inf, Long fasiculus connect

A

Temporal to occipital

152
Q

What is milkman grip

A

Chorea

153
Q

Myeson signs

A

Glabellar tap

154
Q

Gedenkenlautwarden is

A

Thought echo

155
Q

Déjà pensee is

A

Familiarity towards a thought

156
Q

Deja entendee is

A

Familiarity of a voice

157
Q 
Name phobia for 
Lightning
Height 
Pain
Dust
A

Astro phobia

Acrophobia

Odynophobia

Amantophobia

158
Q

Wad cause syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

159
Q

When deductive reasoning is achieved in which stage in Piaget?

A

Formal operational stage

160
Q

Who propose a theory of identity development in children, independent of their mothers?

A

Margaret Mahler

161
Q

Which test utilised the theory of the big five personality constructs

A

NEO INVENTORY

162
Q

Wad is the term that denotes feeling of familiarity that accompanies the return of stored Material to consciousness

A

Recognition

163
Q

How to reduce group think

Name 4

A

Open debate
Acknowledge group think
Seeking external opinion
Splitting groups into small units for discussion
Reserving leader’s opinion until after group discussions

164
Q

Wad is the first written account on ethical aspects of medicine

A

Ishaq bin ali al-ruhawi

165
Q

Wad is Mobitz 1

A

Prolonging pr, longer and longer

166
Q

Wad model propose reducing stigma by demanding equal rights and criminal responsibility for the mentally ill?

A

Libertarian model

Equal right with non-discrimination

167
Q

Wad is tearoom trade study

Who did it

A

Male sexual behaviour

Laud Humphries

168
Q

Who propose malignant alienation

Wad is it

A

Morgan

progressive deterioration in the relationship between carers (staff in a ward) and a patient, including loss of sympathy and support from members of staff, who tended to construe these patients’ behaviour as provocative, unreasonable, or overdependent.

169
Q

Cultural analysis refers to

A

Norms in a group

170
Q

Wad is the basis of official classification in Britain

A

Occupational status

171
Q

Wad need to aware of when diagnosis tics

A

Check presence of obsessions

172
Q

Icd 10 schizophrenia how many months ah

A

1 month

173
Q

Icd 10 delusion disorder Need last for how Long ha

A

3 months

174
Q

Which one has extra personality disorder and wad disorder is it?

A

Icd has dissocial

175
Q

Which icd or Dsm ‘s schizophrenia has disorganised shiz

A

Dsm 5

176
Q

Schizotypal diorder in Dsm is under wad

A

Personality disorder

177
Q

Who first described bulimia Nervosa

A

Russel

178
Q

Wad will have wing beating tremors

A

Wilson’s disease

179
Q

Wad opnia u will hvae iwthbtemporla lseion

A

Upper quandrantanopnia

180
Q

Laxative diarrhoea will hav wad complication

A

Metabolic acidosis

181
Q

Wad test can be use to different mild cognitive impairment and dementia

A

Addenbrooks cognitive examination

182
Q

Which mobitz has same pr

A

Mobitz type 2

183
Q

Wad can cause magnetic gait

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

184
Q

Normal hydrocephalus

Wad are the three triad

A

Magnetic gait
Dementia
Lastly urine incontinence

185
Q

Wad correlate severity of AD

A

Burden of neurofibrillary tangle

Number of -league

186
Q

Wad can cause by hyperventilation

A

Parasthesia (can be unilateral) usually upper extremities , weakness, dizziness, palpitation, Chest pain , tetanus cramps
Perioral numbness

187
Q

Wad is nerfiza

A

Cultural bound syndrome tat usually at Greece, Egypt, Mexico, Attack of the nerves
Episodes of despair with anxiety with somatic complains

188
Q

What is susto

A

In Mexico, South America,
Loss of one soul after a fright reaction in presence of someone else’s death or illness
Symptoms included tics, diarrhoea, agitation, anorexia, insomnia

189
Q

Which symptom based subtype of OCD will hav a high genetic risk

A

Symmetry/ordering rituals

190
Q

Which OCD will be resistant to SSRI
Name 2
Which will n resistant to cbt
Name 2

A

Both: hoarding and sexual/religious obsessional thoughts

191
Q

What is Gegenhalten

A

resistance/negativism. Patients with negativism resist or oppose all passive movements attempted by the examiner. A mild form of this resistance is Gegenhalten or opposition.

192
Q

Amphetamine. An last for how Long in urine

A

48 hours

193
Q

Cocaine can elapse for how Long in urine

A

6-8 hours

But metabolites can last up to 2-4 days

194
Q

Heroin can last for how Long in urine

A

1-3 days

195
Q

Methadone can last for how Long in urine

A

More than 3 days

196
Q

Wad is bandura propose?

A

Bandurra social learning theory. Learning can be simply be done by observing the behaviour of others and the outcomes

197
Q

Codeine can last up to how Long Ing urine

A

48 hours

198
Q

Morphine can last for how Long in urine

A

2-3 days

199
Q

Benzo can last up to how Long in urine

A

Around 3 days

200
Q

Nomifensine withdrawn due to

A

withdrawn due to haemolytic anemia

Oso can cause hepatotoxicity

201
Q

Wad causes tardive dyskinesia

A

High d2 sensitivity

202
Q

Lithium can do wad do seizure threshold

A

Lower

203
Q

Wad drugs can cause hyperparathyroidism

A

Lithium

204
Q

Which drug is associated with acne

A

Lithium

205
Q

Amitriptyline affects wad tat cause antichilinergic symptoms

A

M3 blockage

206
Q

Which antidepressant is associated with increased elevated cholesterol ?

A

Mirtazapine

207
Q

Which are features of SSRI discontinuation syndrome

Name 6

A

Increase dreams, dizziness, electric shock like sensation, insomnia, headache, left hart , gi symptoms
Mood change

208
Q

Which anti Dementia stuff can secret an allosteric action on nicotinic receptors

A

Gallantamine

209
Q

Akathesia is due to

A

High dopamine d2 receptor occupancy in striatum

210
Q

Disulfirma does wad

A

Inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase

211
Q

Cocaine withdrawal name 4

A

Anhedonia, anxiety, irritability, hypersomnolence, intense craving for cocaine,

212
Q

Glutamine acts via wad type of receptors

A

Nmda receptors

213
Q

Wad is xanomeline

A

Treatment for schizophrenia

M1/m4 agonism

214
Q

Wad causes hypersalivation for clozapine

A

Alpha 2 blockage

M4 agonism

215
Q

Wad kind of route can drugs reach Brain quickly

A

Inhalation

216
Q

How Sodium valproate affects carbamazepine

How does chlorpromazine affects sodium valproate

A

Increases carbamazepine

Chlorpromazine increase sodium valproate

217
Q

Flu maze nil is a wad type of drug

Wad is the protein binding

A

Competitive antagonist of benzodiazepine at gaba a receptor .

50%

218
Q

Lithium does it excrete through great milk

A

Yes

219
Q

Wad does Rey oysterreith does

A

Measure recall of learned material

Visual memory

220
Q

Post concussion syndrome mostly affect wad

A

Speed of processing

221
Q

Wad is so great abt river mead Behavioural memory test

A

detects impairment of everyday memory functioning and also monitors changes following the treatment for memory difficulties

222
Q

Wad are the 4-5 criteria that can be use to define an endophenotype

A

Marker is associated with the illness in population
Heritable
State independant
Cosegregates the illness with in families
Present at higher rate in unaffected family members of pro and compared to general population

223
Q

Wad dis the norm huntingin repeats

A

Less than 28

40 or more will hav hd

224
Q

Transcription take place in

A

Nucleus

225
Q

The technique used to assemble correct DNA fragments from a gene library into a continuous overlapping stretch is

A

Physical mapping

226
Q

Early onset dementia is usually caused by which 3 genes

A

Presenillin 1,2, amyloid precursor protein

227
Q

Ribosome do wad

A

Protein synthesis

228
Q

Translation usually carry out at

A

Ribosome

229
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies blood to name 6

A

Broca, wernickes, hescl’s , plenum tegmentum, angular gyrus, most part of corpus striatum, basal ganglia

Lateral motor and sensory strip

230
Q

Posterior artery supply name 3

A

Cuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus

231
Q

Wad can be seen in schizophrenia MRI activity

A

Reduced grey matter density and neuronal activity

Reduced activation at left temporal lobe and anterior cingulate cortex

232
Q

Wad lobe affects attention

A

Parietal lobe helps in Engagementan disengagement of attention

233
Q

Wad does ependymal cells do

A

Aids flow of Csf, lining the walls of ventricular systems

234
Q

Which of the following enzymes is seen only in the neuron and not in the glial cells?

A

Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase

235
Q

Mao b usually can be found in

A

Brain

236
Q

Mao a usually can be found in

A

Liver and gut

237
Q

Most common sildenafil side effect is

Name 5

A

Headache [most], nasal stuffiness, facial flushing, indigestion, blue tinge in vision

238
Q

Low 5-HIAA in csf is associated with

A

Impulsivity

239
Q

Nitric oxide is synthesised form wad and by wad

A

L-arginine

Nitric oxide synthase

240
Q

Which Human spongiform encephalopathy has slowest course

Three symptoms pls

A

Kuru - 40 years
By ritual cannabalism

Progressive cerebellar ataxia, dementia and death

241
Q

Which of the following neural structures is strongly implicated in the regulation of P50 suppression, a proposed endophenotype in schizophrenia?

A

Hippocampus

242
Q

Wad are the vessel involving in

Most of cerebellar

Cerebellum vermis

A

Most including peduncle sand nuclei are by superior cerebellar artery
Vermis is by posterior inferior cerebellar artery

243
Q

Locus coerulus is transmit wad

Where is it

A

Norepinephrine

Pons

244
Q

Wad can cause by dominant occipital lesion

name 3

A

Alexia without Agraphia, Colour agnosia, visual object agnosia

245
Q

Wad can cause by non dominant occipital lesion

name 3

A

Complex visual hallucinations, prospagnosia, visuospatial agnostia

246
Q

Wad is selegeline

A

Mao b inhibitor

247
Q

Wad can cause the grape juice effect

Name 7

A

Will downregulate intestinal (not Liver) cyp 3a4

Nimodipine, felodipine, carbamazepine, Midazolam, triazolam, simvastatin, methyprednisolone, buspirone and pimozide

248
Q

Wad drugs can cause severe postural hypotension name 2

A

Clozapine and risperidone

249
Q

Which antipsychotic is most associated with nausea and vomiting and y

A

Aripiprazole

Due to 5ht3 partial agonist actions

250
Q

Acute relive of tardive dyskinesia

A

Increasing neuroleptic 0_0

251
Q

Most well establish risk of developing late onset tardive dyskinesia

A

Increasing age

252
Q

Risk factor of akathesia

Name 2

A

Older age and female

253
Q

Common side effect of acamprosate

A

Nausea

254
Q

Low serum iron is associated with which two neuroleptic side effect

A

Nms and epse

255
Q

Wad drugs should not be given with maoi name 4 types

A

Antidepressant, painkillers, stimulants, tramadol, pentidine, cough syrup, salbutamol
Nasal decongestant spray (rise in hypertension)

256
Q

How does sinadefil works

A

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase
Increasing nitric oxide
Act as a vasodilator for penis smooth muscle.

257
Q

Wad is riluzole

A

Nmda receptors antagonist

258
Q

Wad is the mechanism of atomoxetine

A

Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

259
Q

How does trazodone works

A

Serotonin 2 antagonism
Serotonin reuptake blockage
Alpha 1 and 2 antagonism
Antihistamine properties

260
Q

Wad can be affected by acetylation status

A

Mao inhibitor, iso azide, Sufalazine.

261
Q

Which Anti dementia will be excreted by urine

A

Memantine.

262
Q

How alcohol is metabolised

A

1) alcohol dehydrogenase.

2) microsomal ethanol oxidising system meos by induction of p450

263
Q

Percentage of woman developing lithium hypothyroidism

% of ppl experience side effect of lithium

A

20% middle age woman

66%

264
Q

Wad does bixon test do

A

Visuospatial sequencing

265
Q

Wad are the 4-5 endophenotype of schizophrenia

A 
Impaired attentional performance
Working memory deficits
Prepulsive inhibition: Eye movement dysfunctions
Impaired p50 suppression Incorrect
Lack of sensory gating
266
Q

The form of Down’s syndrome, which is as likely to have come from father as that of mother’s chromosome, is

A

Robertsonian translocation

267
Q

Which personality disorder has the highest support for genetics

A

Schizotypal pd

268
Q

Deficiency of Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase developed increased acid is wad a?
Which gene
Wad mode
Wad does it do

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
X link recessive disease, usually boys
Overproduction of Uric acid

Self harm around 3 years old, biting lips and tongue, poor iq, facial grimacing, repetitive movement of limbs like in hungtinton

269
Q

E4 is associated with wad 4 stuff

A 
Alzheimer's 
Parkinson 
Intercerebral hamorrhage , cardiac bypass surgery 
Recovering from head injury 
Her-es simplex encephalitis
270
Q

Autism
Among twins

Heritability

A

60%

Heritability : 90%

271
Q

The breakdown enzymes involved in degradation of noradrenaline in presynaptic neurons are

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) and catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT)

272
Q

Eating disorder has Low wad

A

Leptin

273
Q

R.E.M. Sleep disorder usually is associated with wad

A

Lewy body dementia

274
Q

Most important side effect of galatamine is

A

Bradycardia

275
Q

Nocturnal myoclonus can seen in wad psychotropics

Can use wad to help

A

SSRI

Benzo and levodopa

276
Q

Terazosin is use for wad side effects

A

Sweating from SSRI

277
Q

Wad is si-rna

A

double-stranded RNA molecule, involving in RNA interference pathway, where it interferes with expression of a specific gene.

278
Q

T rna is for wad

A

a small RNA molecule that transfers a specific active aminoacid to growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It also has a terminal site for amino acid attachment.
Hence: Provides a bridge between m-RNA and amino acids

279
Q

Wad Enzymes which attaches amino acids to t-RNA

A

Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase

280
Q

Which tca has the
most serotonergic reuptake selective
Most antihistamine activity
Most noradrenergic

A

Serotonic :clomipramine

Antihistamine : doxepine

Noradrenergic selective: desmiprasine

281
Q

Potency of a drug with receptor binding action refers to the

A

amount of the drug needed to produce a particular effect compared to another standard drug with similar receptor profile

282
Q

Wad is efficacy

A

Efficacy refers to how well the drug produces the expected response

283
Q

Hypothalamus is supply by wad vessels

A

Anterior communicating vessel

284
Q

Basal ganglia is supply by wad vessels

A

Medial cerebral artery

285
Q

Anterior limb of internal capsule is supply by wad name two vessel

A

Anterior cerebral artery

Anterior communicating artery

286
Q

Wad can be seen in Mri Brain of multiple scelerosis

A

white matter hypointensities affecting corpus callosum. If fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI is used, periventricular high-signal intensity lesions can be observed.

287
Q

Depressive disorder for old ppl can show wad in MRI name 4

A

periventricular and deep WM hyperintensities,
subcortical thalamic and striatal hyperintensities,
decreased frontal and basal ganglia volumes,
and decreased metabolism in prefrontal cortex.

288
Q

Wad can be seen in schizo with Brian imaging

A

Neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia include ventricular enlargement and loss of grey matter - especially insula, anterior cingulate cortex, medial temporal lobe and dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex with some progressive loss of brain volume in the first few years of diagnosis.
fMRI shows poor dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex activation in executive tasks, while decreased N-acetyl aspartate in prefrontal cortex is seen in spectroscopy.

289
Q

Korsakoff can hav wad lesions

A

Dorsal medial thalamus,

Mammillary bodies

290
Q

Astrocyte can do wad three things

A

nutrition of neurons,
breakdown of some neurotransmitters,
and maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Misc Facts For Mrcpsych (5 decks)

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