Additonal Stuff Flashcards
What is paired associates test
Test of wad
Verbal memory
Cognitive social processing during social learning includes
5 steps
1) attention
2) Visual image and semantic encoding of observed behaviour memory
3) Memory permanence via retention and rehearsal
4) Motor copying
5) Motivation to act
Who create
Classical conditioning
Who create
Operational conditioning
Classical: Pavlov
Operant: skinner
Who did the homeostatic theory
Wad is it
Cannon
changes in homeostatic system triggers processes aimed at restoration of system
Name 4-5 features of amnesiac syndrome
1) unimpaired immediate memory
2) Presence of anterograde amnesia
3) Presence of retrograde of variable intensity
4) unimpaired global intellectual abilities
5) unimpaired implicit memory
Who develop thiarchic theory and wad is it
Wad are the three
Sternberg
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of (Successful) Intelligence contends that intelligent behaviour arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities, and that these abilities function collectively to allow individuals to achieve success within particular sociocultural contexts
Analytical : comparison, evaluation, compare and contrast information
Creative : discovery, invention
Practical : applying knowledge
Who made filter’s theory of attention
Broadband
People can only attend to one physical channel of information at a tim
Percentage of individual having aged associated memory impairment?
Wad test can best illicit that
40% over age 65
Delayed recall
What behavioural technique is systemic desensitisation
Deep muscle relaxation is paired with a series of imagined scenes that depict situations or objects that are associated with anxiety and thus produce anxiety then is arranged in a hierarchy
Who create modelling, a type of observational learning
Bandura
Who create latent learning
What is it?
Tolman
reinforcement may be necessary for a performance of learned response but not necessary for the learning itself to occur
Amnesia syndrome is characterised by marked impairment of
Episodic memory
The process of recalling an entire memory from a partial cue is call
Reintegration
The Goldstein-Scheerer Color Form Sorting test is designed to test wad
Abstract reasoning
Which personality test has a lie scale
Eysenck personality inventory
Who proses 6 basic emotions (wad are they as well?)
Paul Ekman
Sadness, joy, anger, disgust, surprise, fear
cognitive dissonance
Is by who and wad is it
By Festinger
Product of inconsistent cognitions
Who termed frustration-agrees Sino hypothesis
Dollard
What is cue hypothesis of aggression
By who
According to Berkowitz, aggressive-cue hypothesis frustration provokes anger, not aggression. For this anger to be expressed as aggression, certain environmental cues are needed
What is genoverse
By stander effect
Wad is pluralistic ignorance
members of a group convince each other that there is no problem that requires intervention
Wad is phi phenomenon
Optical illusion, perception behind motion pictures
Wad age does children pass the mirror test
Wad is it
18 months of age
for self-recognition in which the child using its mirror image to touch a dot on its nose is achieved at 18 months of age
Alport concept of prejudice
1) cognitive component: stereotypes
2) affective component: hostility
3) behavior component \: antilocution Avoidance Discrimination Physical attack Extermination
Major recurring themes beyond stigma
Dangerousness, attribution of responsibility, poor prognosis, disruption of social interaction
Schizoprehnic Mother is proposed by
Fromm-reichmann
Rejecting, impervious to feelings of others, rigid in moralism concerning sex and has a significant fears of intimacy
Who proposed relative deprivation
Jarmen index
Brian Jarman
For level of social deprivation
Who propose biopsychosocial medical model
George engel
Institutional neurosis is described by
3 symptoms
Russel Barton
Lack of initiative, loss of interest, submissiveness, apathy
Refrigerator Mother was initially thought to be associated with
Autism
Charaka promotes wad
4 c Confidentiality Compassion Continuous professional development Caring
Wad are the four stuff in brown and Haris study to determine vulnerability factor
1) abscess of close confusing relationship
2) loss of Mother before 11
3) lack of employment
4) having 3 or more children under 15 at home
What is Tort
Errors for which ppl are liable in civil
What are the higher level principle
Deontology (rights and duties) - kants theory
Teleology (best interested/outcome) - utilitarianism
Expressive emotion is suggested by who
And how is to measure (4-5)
Critical comments Positive comments Emotional warmth Emotional over involvement Hostility
Ld Laing wrote wad
The divided self
Sanity, madness and family
Thomas szasc wrote wad
The manufacture of madness, the myth of mental illness
Faucault wrote wad
Madness and Civilisations
Strongest risk of schizophrenia
Immigration
Wad is willowbrooks study
Deliberately infecting individuals with hepatitis
Who is Father of sociology
Emile Durkheim
Sometimes Auguste Comte and is
Wad type of reinforcement is the most resistant to extinction
Variable ratio reinforcement
What type of reinforcement takes the longest time to establish
Intermittent reinforce
What type of reinforcement has the highest rate of responding
Fixed ratio reinforcement
Dichotic listening theory
Alternative information is simultaneously processed and can be attended to if required
Attenuator model of selective attention
Irrelevant stimuli are attenuated
What theory says that emotion is secondary to physiological changes
James Lange theory
What does cannon bard theory says
The subjective experience of emotions is independent of physiological changes
What is Lazarus theory
A cognition appraisal theory
That appraisal precedes affective reaction, affective primary cannot be true.
Schacter -singer theory is wad
Labeling theory:
On the perception of a stimulus, both physiological changes and a conscious experience of general arousal take place simultaneously. This generic arousal is then interpreted to either positive or negative and labelled appropriately according to the situational cues. This is also called jukebox theory or two-factor theory
Wad is ringelman’s effect
Social loafing:
The larger the group is, the lesser the individual performance as one thinks other will do the job and bring the results.
Who did residual rule
Thomas Scheff
residual” rules - a set of unwritten norms of social life
What is integration
both high retentions of one’s own cultural values and high adoption of the practices of the new culture
Wad is the different between separation and marginalization
Separation refers to a high retention of one’s own cultural values and low adoption of the practices of the new culture.
Marginalisation refers to both low retentions of one’s own cultural values and low adoption of the practices of the new culture. Members of both cultures of origin and adoption may marginalize these individuals.
What is Shiffrin and Schneider’s theory
pointing towards two types of processing - controlled and automatic processing. Automatic processing involves attention to patterns and deviations. Controlled processing is employed when evaluating a situation in more detail.
Who summarize illness behavior
David mechanic
Who provided sick role
Parsons
What is enacted stigma
Directed discrimination of basis of the illness
Describe what are these
(Sorry…)
Pathogenetic, pathoselective, pathoplastic, pathoelaborating, pathofacilitating and pathoreactive effect
Pathogenetic: Culture is a direct causative factors in forming psychopathology
Pathoselective: cultural influenced behavioral selection resulting in manifestation of specific psychopatholgies e.g. Family side in Japan, amok in malaysia
Pathoplastic: modelling of manifestations of psychopathology). The content of delusions, auditory hallucinations, obsessions, or phobias is subject to the environmental context in which the pathology is manifested.
Pathoelaborating: behaviour patterns get exaggerated to the extreme
Pathofacilitative : some conditions are more common in some cultures: alcohol abuse
PathoreactiveL: culture influences people’s reactive to distress and illness
Usually for ainsworth the strange situation test is for wad kids a
12-24 months
Or 1 year -1.5 years if really specific
What can be seen in a conventional morality thingy
Name 2
“Good boy-good girl” orientation
Authority orientation
Superego is formed at wad stage
Latent
Wad are the reaction first exhibit by child to mother
Anaclitic depression
1) protest
2) despair
3) detachment
Name it!
When and wad is Piaget somatosensory
0-2 years
Spiro S-symbolic thought P-Play by representation I- Imitation R- Recognition of self O- Object permanence
When object Permanence will be completed
18 months
When is piaget’s pre conventional stage
2-4 years
FAT PILES
F- Functional attribution A-Animism/Artificialism T-Transductive reasoning P: Phenomelistic causality (lightning and rain comes togetherm hence lightning brings rain) I: Imminent Justice L: Lack of conservation E: Egocentrism S: semiotic function
When is concrete operational stage
Wad happen
7-11 years
Shows conservation
Liquid around 6 years
When children can use meaningful words without connecting words
18-30 months
Who proposed that human beings are born with a ‘Language Acquisition device’ (LAD) that enables children gather information about the rules of language use?
Chomsky
most sensitive period for development of attachment behaviour in human beings?
6-18 months
When pee ka boo is enjoyed by the child
9 months
Who propose the attachment theory
Bowlby
When usually children can use proper grammar
5 years
Name language mile stones!
When children can speak 240 words
24 months
When children can speak >40 words
18 months
When children can use one word then 2 word stage?
1 year then 2 years (18-24 months)
Cambridge study shows child has wad risk factor that can predict delinquent behavior by age of 32
1) family criminality
2) Low education level
3) antisocial behavior
4) Low intelligence
Who said ‘innate state of helplessness and would most likely perish without a caregiver’?
Bowlby
According Social Learning Theory what helps in the development of gender appropriate behaviours?
Name 4
1) reinforcement by role model
2) imitative behaviors
3) archetype scheme
4) diff treatment by adults
What the hell is Vygotsky’s theory
development is not entirely private or individual-based. A child acts as an apprentice in social surroundings rather than as a scientist
When start rule governed play
5 years
When start cooperative play
3 years
When start parallel play
2 years
Attachment behavior usually peaks at
12-18 months
When kids started to realize its own gender identity
2 years of age
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the process of solving new problems using existing schemata is termed as;
Assimilation
When baby have social smile
6 weeks
What is the term for bias towards focussing attention on only one aspect of a situation and the inability to attend to other features?
Centration
Diff between privation and deprivation
Deprivation the attachment is formed but lost temporarily.
Privation refers to the non-formation of attachment; this is very rare and can lead to what Rutter termed as affectionless psychopathy
Wad are the four attachment category can be seen by (who made it also?
Mary Main
1) Autonomic
2) Entangled
3) Dismissing
4) Disorganized
When babbling is seen
6 months
Wad are the three temperamental dimensioning seen identified by Buss and Plomin
EAS
E: Emotionality
A: Activity
S: Sociality
Impulsivity initially was included
How many percentage of kid has multiple attachments and wad % are the mothers
87%
50% where mother (18% are fathers)
What is telegraphic stage
Two word stage
Meaningful words are used without connecting words such as propositions or conjunctions
What is the most critical stage of separation phase of the Mahler’s theory
Rapproachment
