Last Chnace Zzz Flashcards
% of patient developing agranulocytosis in the first year
Percentage of ppl developing neutropenia
- 2%
1. 5-3%
% of fetal malformation with sodium valproate
7%
Trazodone can cause sedation by
Alpha adrenergic
Compliance intervention is best in
cognitive motivational intervention
Which of the following antipsychotics is recommended for mixed affective states in bipolar disorder
Olanzapine
Acamprosate is a
NOn competitive NMDA blocker
Unemotional traits heritability is
30-40%
Which of the following types of chromosomes undergo Robertsonian translocation
Acricentric
Which brain structure is spared during normal aging
Cranial nerve nuclei
Somatosensory dendritic inhibition of 5HT release is regulated by
5HT-1A receptors
CCK can be used in
Bulimia
CJD, amyloid plaque can be seen in which part of the brain
Cerebellum
Adult pattern of sleep develop in a child in
3 months
Wad is procyclidine
Anticholinergic drugs
How to change from paroxetine to fluoxetine
Withdraw the first and start the second immediately after stoping it
What study investigate whether familial data for a disorder or trait suggests any particular modes of inheritance.
Segregation study
What is Benton test
used for individuals aged 8 onwards to measure visual perception and visual memory. It can also help evaluating possible learning disabilities. The subject is asked to draw from memory each one of the ten designs that are shown one at a time.
Most common optic nerve palsy in alcoholic is….
6th cranial nerve
Which of the following psychotropics has a tendency to reduce gastrointestinal transit with a resultant slow absorption when given orally?
Amitriptyline
Pimozide cause wad special side effect
Ventricular problems, sudden cardiac death
What can cause severe rebound
Clonidine
Tom is a 10-year-old boy with Tourettes’ syndrome. He has had a medication for treating his condition, which has lead to significant weight gain. Choose the best alternative
Clonidine
Risk of ADHD in first degree relative
Second
15-60% 2-6 risk
Second degree 3-9%
0.5-0.8 relative rick
Specific phobia increase relative risk in ? Time
4
Wad chromosome has things to do with alcohol dependence
Chromosome 4 GABRA2
Unipolar depression proband
% for offspring for unipolar and bipolar
Unipolar x 2 for offspring 16%
Bipolar 4 fold 4%
Bipolar proband
% for offspring for unipolar and bipolar
2-3 for unipolar (16%)
Bipolar 8-9 fold (9%)
Which gene in Parkinson can cause early onset
PINK1
FTD is wad gene
Tau at chromosome 17
Progranulin
What is the most common psychiatric disorder in children with mild learning disability?
Conduct disorder
When some one can copy a diamond
Year 6
When some one can copy a circle
2-3 years (30 months)
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Increased risk in
Dementia
Nicotinic acide deficiency can see wad (name 4)
Glossitis, diarrhoea, insomnia, dermatitis, disturbed mental function
Ego Defence for phobia is
Displacement
The process which leads to the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory is calle
Consolidation
Linguistic relativity hypothesi is wad. And by whom
Worfian
places language as primary and thoughts as secondary.
peripheralism language is by who and wad is it
John Watson postulated that thinking occurs peripherally in the speech apparatus
Drepression on ego stuff
Regression
Introjection
Wad psychobiological model of personality includes four dimensions of temperament
Whichfour
Cloninger’s
(1) Novelty-seeking (includes frustration avoidance, impulsive decision-making)
(2) Harm-avoidance (pessimistic worry about the future, passive avoidant behaviour, fear of uncertainty);
(3) Reward-dependence (sentimentality, social attachment, and dependence on praise and approval)
(4) Persistence (high perseverance and tolerance of frustration). The character dimensions are self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence.
Who coined the term neurasthenia
It is Stress of wad
Beard
Urbanisation Lolz
Herpes encephalitis shows…
Presence of lymphocytic pleiocytosis with many red cells in the CSF, along with hyperintense appearance of left temporal lobe in T2 weighted MRI imaging and lateralised periodic discharges in EEG in a semi-conscious patient suggests
Huntington shows wad in MRI
Degeneration of striatum including caudate nucleus
Name symptoms of cannabis [
lethargy, apathy, loss of interest, anergia, reduced drive and lack of ambition, which is collectively known as the amotivational syndrome
Wad drugs can cause flashback phenomenon.
LSD
What is zar
where subjects present with an experience of spirit possession. Symptoms may include “dissociative episodes with laughing, shouting, hitting the head against a wall, singing, or weeping”. Individuals may show withdrawal, refusing to eat or carry out daily tasks, or may develop a long-term relationship with the possessing spirit.
What is so special about adenbrook’s test
score less than 82 has a high specificity for dementia Correct
Cataplexy is common in
Neuro stuff
What is bee or sign
Weakness of lower abdominal muscle
Spinal cord injury between T9 and T10
Paranoid delusions defence mechanism
projection
Foundation of school behaviourism de person is
John Watson
Who is the Father of Analytical psychology
Carl Gustav Jung
Who wrote a secure base
BOWbly
Multiple scelerosis sign in MRI
Hypointense lesion in corpus callosum
Damage of which lobe will cause nominal aphasia
Parietal
Api e4 is dysfunctional at which chromosome
19
Following a Robertsonian translocation in phenotypically normal individual which of the following types of chromosomes is produced?
How abt in downs
Metacentric
Arcocentric
patients with major depressive disorders indicate that an intrinsic regulatory defect involving
Hypothalamus
Microglia is wad in origin how abt the others
Microglia is mesodermal in origin
The rest are ectoderm
Benzodiazepine withdrawal is associated with:
Brain GABA function decreased
What drug are better to give pregnant ladies
Tricyclics and fluoxetine do not have a known teratogenic effect in humans.
chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone, xipamide) are
Thiazide diuretics
Datscan breakdown names are
Beta CIT and FP-CIT
WaD SPECT tracer used to assess brain metabolism regionall
99mTc-HMPAO
Wad is made in Adipose tissue
Leptin
Carbamazepine will increase or decrease clozapine’
How about fluvoxamine
Wad antibiotic affects it as well
Decrease
Fluvox increases
Ciprofloxacin increaes du
-Alpha wave is is maxiaml at ..
Occipital region
Vermis of cerebellar is supply by
posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Nausea and vomiting most associated drugs are
Aripiprazole
Wad can cause postural hypotension
Clozapine and risperidone
Constipation & Paralytic Ileu mainly associated with
Clozapine
Attachment become evident during
8 months
Vortioxetine works on
5HT3 antagonist
With 5HT 1D and 5HT 7 all antagonist
Agonist 5HT1A
Partial agonist 5ht1B
Mid life is a myth
Coined by
Elliot Jacque
Hunter syndrome is a wad transmission
3 symptoms
3 facial stuff
X link recessive
Symptoms: ear infection, runny noses and abdominal hernia
Facial: coarse features flattened bridge of nose, enlarged tongue
What area of the brain is involved in depression
Anterior cingulate cortex
Risk of SIADH name 3
Female, Low BMI, old age, use of diuretics
Agranulocytosis risk involve
Increasing age, woman, ethnicity
Apparently Low baseline white cell count is associated with neutropenia and not agranulocytosis.
phrmacodynamic wad are the terms tat are associated with it
Agonism, receptor half-life, occupancy, dose-response relationship are pharmacodynamic concepts.
Moderate effects on qtC
Citalopram and quetiapine
No effect on QTC
Mirtazapine and aripiprazole
4 risk of child abuse
1) young age
2) history of parental substance abuse
3) persistent crying
4) younger age
Who propose cognitive emotional process
Alfred Adler
What is Barnum effect
psychological phenomenon whereby individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically to them but that are, in fact, vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people.
According to community surveys, which of the following is the most common cause of hallucinations?
Sleep disorder
.Which of the following techniques is employed in the assessment of temporal course of improvement of symptoms in patients with both PTSD and substance misuse?
Name 4
Impact of event scale, Clinician Administered PTSD scale, Civilian Mississippi scale for PTSD and Time Line follow
Internal salience’ is a concept in psychology relating to cognitive processe
Self-motivated desire for an object or action
PSeudocholinesterase deficiency is associated with increased sensitivity of wad chemicals
Donepezil
Social capital is
Individuals acting co-operatively in transactions
One Types of suicide as described by Durkheim
1) egoistic suicide- due to prolonged sense of not belonging , no friends
Mostly among unmarried people (men)
Cognitive dissonance is often see as
Holding mutually exclusive beliefs about an object or person.
Ecstasy
How does it work
1) like LSD causes serotonin release
2) like amphetamines causes dopamine release
3) blocks 5HT, noradrenaline, dopamine reuptake
4) reduction in serotonin levels in days after use hence depressive
Low addiction profile
Wad stuff can pass through blood brain barrier
Small, lipophilic, unionised
Dopamine cuz they hav a special transmitter
Serotonin thought to be an important neurotransmitter in the aetiology and treatment of mental disorder. Which of the following enzymes are not involved in its metabolism?
MAO, Aldehyde dehydrogenase, DOPA decarboxylase, Tryptophan hydroxylase.
Half lifer of duloxetine
12 hours
For bipolar how many percentage of people will relapse within 2 years
50%
Clozapine should b avoide in prescribing
Carbamazepine and MAOI (can potentially increase CNS effects )
Weight gain in antipsychotics is more significant in
Children and adolescent
Which anxiety disorder can hav anticipation?>
OCD
Pharmacokinetic wad are the terms that can be sue
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Agonism, half-life, dose-response relationship and chelation are pharmacodynamic concepts.
What is construct validity
extent to which operationalization of a construct (e.g. practical tests developed from a theory) measures a construct as defined by a theory
Internal validity
is an inductive estimate of the degree to which conclusions about causal relationships can be made (e.g. cause and effect), based on the measures used, the research setting, and the whole research design.
5 therapeutic factors of group therapy
universality, altruism, instillation of hope, imparting information, corrective recapitulation of the primary family experience, development of socializing techniques, imitative behaviour, cohesiveness, existential factors, catharsis, interpersonal learning, self-understanding.
Caffeine usually Attack which receptors
Adenosine receptors
Which antiantileptic has problems with outbursts in children
Vigabatrin
CAMCOG is
The CAMCOG is the cognitive and self-contained part of the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX).
67 items
When kids understand joke
6-7 years old
When children start using 3-4 words Sentence
2-3 years
R.E.M. Sleep behaviour usually arise by when (which part of sleep)
Name 3 diseased tat it is associated with
middle to latter third of the night during REM sleep
LBD, PD, multiple system atrophy and GB
Diagnostic feature of Tourette’s
Motor and 1 or more Vocal tics
Occur many times a day nearly every day more than 1 year (no tic free for more than 3 months)
Before age 18
If only ether one motor or vocal then is chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
Who describe disorganised schizophrenia / hebephrenic schizophrenia
HECKER
Stimulants can hav wad presentation
Many users experience insomnia and anorexia, and some may develop psychotic symptoms. Stimulants have peripheral cardiovascular activity, including increased blood pressure and heart rate.
In a malnourished patient with long standing alcohol use, which of the following complications could worsen on immediate refeeding with a glucose rich infusion?
Thiamine deficiency
Paraphrasing is
Using approximate language
FUndamental psychopathology in Caprags delusion is
Reduplicative paramnesia
Misidentification phenomenon where simultaneous duplication of a place, a person, or even one’s self
Name 5 neurotic Defence
Intellectualisation, repression, displacement, reaction formation, and dissociation are called neurotic defences.
two-factor theory of intelligence is wad and by whom
Spearman carried out a factor analysis of the result of children’s performance on a number of tests and concluded that all tests measured both a common factor of general intelligence (g) and a specific factor (s). He believed that individual differences were due to differences
Social role valorisation is best described as
By who
Wolf Wolfensberger as the successor to the principle of normalization that deals with the enablement, establishment, enhancement, maintenance, and/or defense of valued social roles for people. SRV is primarily a response to the historically universal phenomenon of social devaluation and especially societal devaluation.
The correct answer is: Social acceptance of people with disabilities without devaluation
5 factors of causing language delays
- smoking in pregnancy
- consumption of alcohol in pregnancy
- behaviour problems in the child
- inadequate cognitive stimulation
- BIg family size
Wad are universal prevention
Universal prevention: directed to a general population group (poor ppl)
Indicated intervention: targets high risk individuals with minimal but detectable signs
Selective interventions: to individuals or subgroups whose risk of developing disorder is significantly higher than average
4 proposed endophenotypes in anorexia nervosa
Abnormal fear conditioning
Set shifting impairments
Weak central coherence
Reward sensitivity
Genome wide association studies in schizophrenia suggest an association with which of the following genetic polymorphisms
Zinc Finger 804A gene
Which of the following regions when surgically stimulated can alleviate pain
Periaqueductal grey
The sensory cortex is located in the
Posterior cortex
Nondeclarative memory
Striatum, cerebellum and neocortex with amygdala
Endoscope does
Transport of cellular substances
MAO-A metabolizes
Noradrenaline, 5-HT and tyramine
Which of the following enzymes in the monoamine synthetic pathway is largely restricted to adrenal medulla?
Phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase
administered morphine for analgesia, which of the following mechanism could explain the action?
Release of histamine
Synthesis and storage of noradrenaline can be prevented by which of the following
Reserpine prevents the synthesis and storage of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerve terminals
Impulsive aggression is related to a disruption in which of the following neurotransmitter systems
Serotonin
What has a higher likelihood of causing peripheral neuropathy than other antidepressants
Phenelzine
Which of the following is a well-documented teratogenic effect that occurs when using SSRIs in the second trimester of pregnancy?
Pulmonary hypertension - 3%
Worse in paroxetine
What effect does carbamazepine have on cardiac function
reducing atrioventricular cardiac conduction
The site of action of thyroid hormones is at the level of;
Nucleus
Which of the following is the most important property of a depot antipsychotic medicatio
Presence of a carboxyl ester
Wad can u see for acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for dementia in ECG
P-R interval of 280ms
