Studying Microorganisms in the Living State Flashcards
created a new system of
classification for all living things.
Systema Naturae
Carl von Linné, or Carl Linnaeus
proposed a third
kingdom of life - Protista, and
included all unicellular
organisms in it.
Ernst Haeckel
difference of prokaryoted and eukaryotes
Édouard Chatton
seperate monera
2 empires-domain
4 kingdoms
Copeland
Proposed the 5th
Kingdom, Fungi
Robert Whittaker
right now
3 domains and 5 kingdoms
Carl Woese
2 new kingdoms
bacteria - eubacteria, archaeobacteria
eukarya- Chromista, protozoa, fungi, animalia, plantae
Thomas Cavalier-Smith (end of 2oth century)
(makes its own food)
Autotrophic
(feeds on other
living things),
heterotrophic
they can be classified as parasitic, saprophytic, and
symbiotic.
heterotrophic
(having only one cell)
Unicellular
multicellular
(having two or
more cells).
(the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane)
Eukaryotes
(lacking a membrane).
prokaryotes
(needs oxygen)
Aerobic
(does not use oxygen)
anaerobic
Reproduction of THE FIVE KINGDOMS OF LIVING THINGS
Sexual, asexual, or through spores.
Movement
Self-moving or static.
Most evolved and is divided into two
large groups - vertebrates and
invertebrates.
kingdom Animalia
Multi-celled, heterotrophic eukaryotes
with aerobic respiration, sexual
reproduction, and the ability to move.
kingdom Animalia
- one of the oldest
- characterized by its immobile,
multicellular, and eukaryotic nature - Autotrophic
- Cells contain cellulose and
chlorophyll are essential for life on
Earth since they release oxygen
through photosynthesis.
sexual or
asexual.
Kingdom Plantae
- includes yeasts, molds,mushrooms and toadstools.
- multicellular aerobic heterotrophic
eukaryotes - chitin in their cell walls, feed off
other living things-heterotrophic - reproduce through spores.
Kingdom Fungi
most primitive of the eucaryotic
Kingdom Protista
it contains the common
ancestor but not all its descendants -
and it includes those eukaryotic
organisms that are not deemed to be
animals, plants, or fungi such as
protozoa.
Paraphyletic
ex: Amoeba
primitive
paraphylectic
bags of trash
Kingdom Protista
-unicellular
-prokaryotes
-binary fission
-heterothrophic
-aerobic or anaerobic
metabolism is chemosynthetic
Kingdom Monera
Acellular
Viroids
prions
viruses
Cellular
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
Algae
Fungi
Protozoa
Prokaryotes
Archaea
Bacteria
Cyanobacteria
The random movements exhibited by particles suspended in liquids due to the bombardment of water molecules
zigzag
erratic random motion
Brownian Motion
An independent movement brought about by different mechanisms of self-propulsion
ex. flagella, cilia
True Motility
Dry mount technique
dry
Smear Slides
Blood
Squash
Slides
Staining
Technique
Microorganisms in POND WATER
Paramecium
Vorticella
Euglena
Rotifer
Stentor
Amoeba
Spirilla
Bacilli
Cocci
Microorganisms in
HAY INFUSION
Colpidium spp
Tetrahymena spp
Euglena
Rotifer
Paramecium
PROTOZOAN MOTILITY
Paramecium-cilia
Amoeba-Pseudopod
Euglena -Flagellum
➢ assemblages of bacterial cells attached to a surface and
enclosed in an adhesive matrix that is the product of
excretion by cells and cell death.
➢ The matrix is typically a mixture of polysaccharides, proteins,
and nucleic acids that bind the cells together.
➢ Trap nutrients for microbial growth and help prevent the
detachment of cells on dynamic surfaces, such as in flowing
systems.
BIOFILMS
What does yeast need to grow?
Sugar is the source of energy
What causes the balloon to blow?
– Yeast breaks down sugar to ethanol
(alcohol) and carbon dioxide
– Process is known as fermentation: production of bread, beer and
wine
– Carbon dioxide released from the fermentation process is filling
balloon
– When making bread: CO2 causes dough to rise to make a light
spongy loaf
– In the absence of sugar, yeast lost its source of energy: no CO2 is
produced
