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MICROPARA LAB > Microscopy > Flashcards

Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

is an instrument used to see
objects that are too small for the naked eye.

A

microscope

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2
Q

The science of investigating small objects using
such an instrument is called

A

microscopy.

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3
Q

means invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope.

A

Microscopic

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4
Q

1285

A

Glasses are invented

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5
Q

1590

A

Hans and zacharias janssen make a 9x magnifier

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6
Q

1609

A

Galileo Perfects the Microscope

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7
Q

1625

A

Giovannii Faber Coins the Word Microscope

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8
Q

The modern Microscope is Born

A

1800

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9
Q

1670

A

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek Perfects Microscope

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10
Q

1665

A

Robert Hooke Discovers Cells

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11
Q

1926

A

Richard Zsigmondy Wins Nobel Prize for the Ultra Microscope

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12
Q

1931

A

Max knoll and ernst Ruska Invent the Electron Microscope

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13
Q

1953

A

frits Zernike Wins Nobel for Phase Contrast Method

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14
Q

1986

A

Tunneling Microscope

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15
Q

magnification of up to 300 times

A

Stereo (Dissecting) Microscope

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16
Q

uses a laser light to scan samples that
have been dyed

A

Confocal Microscope

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17
Q

uses electrons rather than light for
image formation

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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18
Q

uses electrons in creating a magnified
image

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

(TEM)

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19
Q

Adjustments
and Support

A

Mechanical Parts

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20
Q

Enlarge the
specimen

A

Magnifying Parts

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21
Q

Provide the
light

A

Illuminating Parts

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22
Q

Bottommost portion that
supports the entire/lower
microscope

A

Base

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23
Q

Pillar

A

Part above the base that supports the
other parts

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24
Q

Allows for tilting of the
microscope for convenience of
the user

A

Inclination Joint

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25
Q

Curved/slanted part which is
held while carrying the
microscope

A

Arm/Neck

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26
Q

Attached to the arm and bears the lenses

A

Body Tube

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27
Q

Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that
holds the ocular lenses

A

Draw Tube

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28
Q

Platform where object to
be examined is placed

A

Stage

29
Q

Secures the specimen to the stage

A

Stage Clips

30
Q

Allows the light to pass through the
specimen for the better view

A

Stage Opening (Aperture)

31
Q

When turned, it raises or lowers the eyepiece in order
to adjust the focus for each eye. This improves the
magnification and also the clarity.

A

Diopter adjustment

31
Q

Rotating disc where the objectives
are attached

A

Revolving/Rotating Nosepiece

32
Q

This is also known as the body. It carries the optical parts in
the upper part of the microscope.

A

Head

33
Q

Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust
from settling on the objectives

A

Dust Shield

34
Q

Geared to the body
tube which elevates
or lowers when
rotated bringing the
object into
approximate focus

A

Coarse Adjustment
Knob

35
Q

A smaller knob for delicate focusing
bringing the object into perfect focus

A

Fine Adjustment Knob

36
Q

Elevates and lowers the
condenser to regulate the
intensity of light

A

Condenser Adjustment Knob

37
Q

Lever in front of the condenser and which is
moved horizontally to open/close the diaphragm

A

Iris Diaphragm Lever

38
Q

gather wavefronts from the
microscope light source and
concentrate them into a cone of light
that illuminates the specimen with
uniform intensity over the entire view
field

A

Condenser

39
Q

Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
* In most high quality microscopes include an Abbe
condenser with iris diaphragm.

A

Iris Diaphragm

40
Q

Located beneath the stage and has
concave and plane surfaces to gather
and direct light in order to illuminate the
object

A

Mirror

41
Q

A built-in illuminator beneath the stage
that may be used if sunlight is not
preferred or is not available

A

Electric Lamp

42
Q

Another set of lens found on top of the body tube
which functions to further magnify the image
produced by the objective lenses. It usually
ranges from 5x to 15x.

A

Ocular / Eyepiece

43
Q

Metal cylinders attached below
the nosepiece and contains
especially ground and polished
lenses

A

Objectives

44
Q

Gives the lowest magnification,
usually 10x

A

LPO / Low Power Objective

45
Q

Gives higher magnification usually 40x or 43x

A

HPO / High Power Objective

46
Q

Gives the highest magnification, usually 97x or 100x, and is used wet
either with cedar wood oil or synthetic

A

OIO / Oil Immersion Objective

47
Q

–provide observers with about
enough magnification for a
good overview of the slide

A

Scanning Objective (4x)

48
Q

Ability of the lens to distinguish two objects that are
close together.

A

RESOLUTION

49
Q

A function of objective lenses and its ability to
gather light.

A

NUMERICAL APERTURE

50
Q

refractive index of the medium the lens is
working in

A

n

51
Q

measurement of the cone light that enters
the objective.

A

sin θ

52
Q

The most important feature of the optical system and influences the ability to distinguish between the fine details of a particular specimen

A

resolving power

53
Q

200 nanometers

A

Compound Microscope

54
Q

10 nanometers

A

Scanning Electron
Microscope

55
Q

0.2 nanometers

A

Transmission Electron
Microscope

56
Q

USEFUL MAGNIFICATION

A

(500x to 1,000x)

57
Q

EMPTY MAGNIFICATION

A

(1,400x and beyond)

58
Q

As magnification increases, detail

increases but

A

less of the cell is seen

59
Q

Total Magnification

A

Magnification = Objective lens X Eyepiece lens

60
Q

Refers to objectives
that can be changed
with minimal or no
refocusing.

A

PARFOCAL

61
Q

Distance from the front lens
element of the objective to
the closest surface of the
coverslip when the
specimen is in sharp focus.
➢ Is determined by the linear
measurement of the
objective front lens to the
specimen surface
(objectives without
coverslips).

A

WORKING DISTANCE

62
Q

Is the extent of the
observable area in
distance units.
➢ The area you see
under the microscope
for a articular
magnification.
➢ The diameter of the
circle that you see.

A

FIELD OF VIEW (FOV)

63
Q

HOW TO CALCULATE
MICROSCOPE FIELD OF
VIEW (FOV)?

A

Field of view= field number (FN) divided by Magnification

64
Q

Used to measure
minute distances or the
apparent diameters of
objects which subtend
minute angles
➢ 1 millimeter = 1,000
micrometers (1 x 103
)
➢ Given the example:
* 0.05mm X 1,000 μm
= 50 μm

A

MICROMETER

65
Q

MEASURING WITH
MICROSCOPE

A
  1. Determine the diameter
    of the field.
  2. Estimate how many of the
    object fit across the
    diameter.
  3. Divide the diameter by the number that fit
    across to get the size of the object.
66
Q

When is oil immersion objective used?

A

➢ used only at very large magnifications that require
high resolving power.

➢ use when you have a fixed (dead - not moving)
specimen that is no thicker than a few micrometers.

➢ Even then, use it only when the structures you wish to view are
quite small - one or two micrometers in dimension.

67
Q

How does increased magnification affect the
field vision?

A

➢When magnification increases:
➢ the field of vision decreases.
➢ (by changing to a higher power lens), the working
distance decreases and you will see a much smaller slice of
the specimen.
➢ The lenses on your microscope, the length of the lens
increases and the lens aperture decreases in size.

MICROPARA LAB (5 decks)

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