Study types Flashcards
Ecological study
Population level research.
Cross sectional study
Measure prevalence on individuals at a single time point.
Case control study
Look at those with and without the primary outcome and analyse previous determinants for the results.
Cohort study
Measure exposures or determinants of health and then follow up patients to look at incidence.
2 types of cohort study
Retrospective and prospective
Intervention study
Randomised control trial. Allocated into the intervention or control group randomly.
PICO
Population
Intervention
Comparison/control
Outcome
Prevalence
Number of existing cases in a defined population at a defined time point divided by the total population number.
Incidence
Frequency of a new case in a defined population during a defined time period.
Associations possible in a study
Bias Confounding factors Chance Reverse causality True association
Sensitivity
Test probability that a person affected by disease gets a positive result
Specificity
Test probability that a person not suffering from the disease will get a negative results.
Qualitative research
Interviews
Observational
Focus groups
Review of documentation
Quantitate research
Collected data (mortality)
Review records
Surverys
Relative risk
The risk fo an event occurring in an exposure group compared to the risk of the event occurring in an unexposed group.
