Study guide test 4 Flashcards
Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at what weeks?
18 wks
What is protrusion of the posterior of the urinary bladder called?
extrophy of the bladder
What is the condition in which ovarian and testicular tissues are present called?
hemaphroditism
What would it look like sonographically if you had complete renal agenesis?
oligohydramnios, absence of fetal bladder, small thorax
(not dilated fetal bladder)
Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hyperplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet are found in what condition?
Potter’s syndrome
Which characteristic of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common?
multiple noncommunicating cysts of variable sizes
Which type of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common?
ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)
What are the findings observed in hydronephrosis?
anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter < 5-10mm, rim of renal parenchyma is preserved
(not renal enlargement found)
If you have a dilated bladder with a keyhole appearance, what condition are you most likely looking at?
posterior urethral valve obstruction
What are the sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome?
oligohydramnios, fetal ascites
(not renal agenesis)
How many millimeters is the normal bladder wall thickness in a fetus?
2mm
Which condition does the renal system fail to develop?
renal agenesis
Prement kidneys arise from what?
metanephros
What does the uregrit bud give rise to?
ureters, renal pelvis, calyces
(not bowman’s capsule)
What position do the kidneys initially lie?
very close together in the pelvis
What condition develops if the lumen of the allantois persists while the urachus is forming?
urachal fistula
Normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 wks should not exceed how many millimeters?
4mm
What is an anechoic cystic structure in the bladder most likely?
ureterocele
What is the most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis?
bladder outlet obstruction
You can’t exclude renal agenesis before how many weeks because of the fluid?
18-20wks
What are the sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction?
hydroureter, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis
(not thinning of the bladder wall)
Know all the info on fetal ovarian cysts:
often multiseptated, often bilateral, results from maternal hormone stimulation
(not has no diagnostic significance)
If the fetal kidneys are enlarged and echogenic and bilateral, what condition may we be looking at?
infantile polycystic disease
What two categories are renal malformations divided into?
congenital
obstructive
Testicles are not visible within the scrotal until how many weeks gestation?
28wks
What anomaly demonstrates the US characteristics of trisomy 18?
Pena Shokeir Syndrome
What anomaly is associated with micromelia and hitch hiker thumb?
Diastrophic dysplasia
What describes the shortened of proximal extremities?
rhizomelia
What are the characteristics of thanatorphoric dysplasia?
cloverleaf skull, extreme micromelia, short ribs
(not microcephaly)
What anomaly is associated with the amish community?
Ellis Van Creveld Syndrome
What diagnosis is most likely when there are multiple fractures and a compressible calvarium?
osteogenesis imperfecta
What anomaly is associated with a cloverleaf skull?
thanatorphoric dysplasia
Which nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is most common?
achondroplasia
Which anomaly is caused by alkaline phos deficiency?
congenital hypophosphatasia
What congenital condition is characterized by a disorder of collagen production?
osteogenesis imperfecta
Severe micromelia, decreased, absent, ossification of the spine, microcephaly, and macrognathia are seen in which condition?
achondrogenesis
Which lethal skeletal dysplasia is characterized by the bowing of the long bones?
camptomelic dysplasia
Sonographic features: small thorax, rhizomelia, renal dysplasia, and polydactyly are associated with what?
Jeune Syndrome
Diagnosis of talipes is made with which one of the following characteristics:
persistent abnormal inversion of the foot perpendicular to the leg
Fusion of the lower extremities is associated with what?
Sirenomelia
Sonographic features of achondroplasia may not be evident until after how many weeks gestation?
22wks
What is the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia?
thanatorphoric dysplasia
Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe?
type 2
Know about achondroplasia
most commonly result of a spontaneous mutation, results from decreased endochondral bone formation, heterozygous good survival rate
(not advanced maternal age)
Which syndrome is a rare condition characterized by phocomelia and facial anomalies?
Robert Syndrome
What is the reason for the majority of clubbed feet?
idiopthic
Which condition is described as having abnormal growth and density of cartilage and bone?
skeletal dysplasia
What condition is caused by cartilage abnormalities resulting in abnormal bone formation and hypomineralization?
achondrogenesis
A lethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short ribs, short limbs, and polydactyly is called?
short rib polydactyly
Webbing across the joints in multiple contractures are sonographic findings in which anomaly?
lethal multiple pterygium syndrome
