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Spring: OB/GYN > Study guide test 4 > Flashcards

Study guide test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys should be sonographically documented in all fetuses beginning at what weeks?

A

18 wks

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2
Q

What is protrusion of the posterior of the urinary bladder called?

A

extrophy of the bladder

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3
Q

What is the condition in which ovarian and testicular tissues are present called?

A

hemaphroditism

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4
Q

What would it look like sonographically if you had complete renal agenesis?

A

oligohydramnios, absence of fetal bladder, small thorax

(not dilated fetal bladder)

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5
Q

Renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hyperplasia, abnormal facies, and malformed hands and feet are found in what condition?

A

Potter’s syndrome

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6
Q

Which characteristic of multicystic dysplastic kidney disease is most common?

A

multiple noncommunicating cysts of variable sizes

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7
Q

Which type of hydronephrosis in the neonate is the most common?

A

ureteropelvic junction (UPJ)

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8
Q

What are the findings observed in hydronephrosis?

A

anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter < 5-10mm, rim of renal parenchyma is preserved

(not renal enlargement found)

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9
Q

If you have a dilated bladder with a keyhole appearance, what condition are you most likely looking at?

A

posterior urethral valve obstruction

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10
Q

What are the sonographic findings in prune belly syndrome?

A

oligohydramnios, fetal ascites

(not renal agenesis)

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11
Q

How many millimeters is the normal bladder wall thickness in a fetus?

A

2mm

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12
Q

Which condition does the renal system fail to develop?

A

renal agenesis

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13
Q

Prement kidneys arise from what?

A

metanephros

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14
Q

What does the uregrit bud give rise to?

A

ureters, renal pelvis, calyces

(not bowman’s capsule)

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15
Q

What position do the kidneys initially lie?

A

very close together in the pelvis

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16
Q

What condition develops if the lumen of the allantois persists while the urachus is forming?

A

urachal fistula

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17
Q

Normal AP diameter of the renal pelvis at 20 wks should not exceed how many millimeters?

A

4mm

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18
Q

What is an anechoic cystic structure in the bladder most likely?

A

ureterocele

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19
Q

What is the most likely cause of bilateral hydronephrosis?

A

bladder outlet obstruction

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20
Q

You can’t exclude renal agenesis before how many weeks because of the fluid?

A

18-20wks

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21
Q

What are the sonographic findings in posterior urethral valve obstruction?

A

hydroureter, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis

(not thinning of the bladder wall)

22
Q

Know all the info on fetal ovarian cysts:

A

often multiseptated, often bilateral, results from maternal hormone stimulation

(not has no diagnostic significance)

23
Q

If the fetal kidneys are enlarged and echogenic and bilateral, what condition may we be looking at?

A

infantile polycystic disease

24
Q

What two categories are renal malformations divided into?

A

congenital

obstructive

25
Q

Testicles are not visible within the scrotal until how many weeks gestation?

A

28wks

26
Q

What anomaly demonstrates the US characteristics of trisomy 18?

A

Pena Shokeir Syndrome

27
Q

What anomaly is associated with micromelia and hitch hiker thumb?

A

Diastrophic dysplasia

28
Q

What describes the shortened of proximal extremities?

A

rhizomelia

29
Q

What are the characteristics of thanatorphoric dysplasia?

A

cloverleaf skull, extreme micromelia, short ribs

(not microcephaly)

30
Q

What anomaly is associated with the amish community?

A

Ellis Van Creveld Syndrome

31
Q

What diagnosis is most likely when there are multiple fractures and a compressible calvarium?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

32
Q

What anomaly is associated with a cloverleaf skull?

A

thanatorphoric dysplasia

33
Q

Which nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is most common?

A

achondroplasia

34
Q

Which anomaly is caused by alkaline phos deficiency?

A

congenital hypophosphatasia

35
Q

What congenital condition is characterized by a disorder of collagen production?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

36
Q

Severe micromelia, decreased, absent, ossification of the spine, microcephaly, and macrognathia are seen in which condition?

A

achondrogenesis

37
Q

Which lethal skeletal dysplasia is characterized by the bowing of the long bones?

A

camptomelic dysplasia

38
Q

Sonographic features: small thorax, rhizomelia, renal dysplasia, and polydactyly are associated with what?

A

Jeune Syndrome

39
Q

Diagnosis of talipes is made with which one of the following characteristics:

A

persistent abnormal inversion of the foot perpendicular to the leg

40
Q

Fusion of the lower extremities is associated with what?

A

Sirenomelia

41
Q

Sonographic features of achondroplasia may not be evident until after how many weeks gestation?

A

22wks

42
Q

What is the most common lethal skeletal dysplasia?

A

thanatorphoric dysplasia

43
Q

Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe?

A

type 2

44
Q

Know about achondroplasia

A

most commonly result of a spontaneous mutation, results from decreased endochondral bone formation, heterozygous good survival rate

(not advanced maternal age)

45
Q

Which syndrome is a rare condition characterized by phocomelia and facial anomalies?

A

Robert Syndrome

46
Q

What is the reason for the majority of clubbed feet?

A

idiopthic

47
Q

Which condition is described as having abnormal growth and density of cartilage and bone?

A

skeletal dysplasia

48
Q

What condition is caused by cartilage abnormalities resulting in abnormal bone formation and hypomineralization?

A

achondrogenesis

49
Q

A lethal skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by short ribs, short limbs, and polydactyly is called?

A

short rib polydactyly

50
Q

Webbing across the joints in multiple contractures are sonographic findings in which anomaly?

A

lethal multiple pterygium syndrome

Spring: OB/GYN (7 decks)

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