final Flashcards
What are the small vessels found on the periphery of the uterus?
arcuate vessels
Endovaginal length and anteverted uterus: tell where the cervix and fundus of uterus are located.
cervix is seen on rt side of screen
fundus on the lt side
Nabothian cysts, where are they located?
cervix (on cervix or near endocervical canal)
Complications in delivery can occur if there is a fibroid located where?
near or over cervix
An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal?
cervical stenosed
(hydrometracolpus-fluid filled, hematometracolpus-blood filled, pyometracolpus-pus filled)
Know about adenomyosis
benign growth of the endometrium that may cause heavy, painful menstrual bleeding
ectopic tissue of adenomyosis arises from stratum besalis of the endometrium and causes heavy, painful periods
endometrial tissue within myometrium
Know how the measurement of the endometrium should be done and what time it should be measured?
should be measured in long plane
hyperechoic to hyperechoic
What is a Gardner’s duct cyst?
cyst found in vagina
Most common adnexal mass during a pregnancy
corpus luteum cyst
Tumor with a history of endometriosis
endometrioma
Know the normal ovarian texture
homogeneous echotexture
may exhibit a central, more echogenic medulla
What’s the most common benign tumor of the ovary?
dermoid
Partial or complete rotation of the ovary leads to what?
torsion
What is PID?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
risk factors: early sexual contact, multiple sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted disease, previous history of PID, use of ICUD, douching
What’s an infection of the fallopian tube?
salpingitis
Most common uterine anomaly associated with infertility
sepate uterus, T-shaped
PCOS: Know all about it
endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation
includes Stein-Leventhal(infertility, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, obesity)
Progesterone, after ovulation, is secreted by what structure?
corpus luteum cyst
Caudal regression syndrome: seen most commonly in patients with what disorder?
diabetes
The development of conjoined twins: when will it take place?
if division occurs after 13 days
Seizures and coma in the 3rd trimester, what is this?
eclampsia
When fetal death occurs and the baby has not been reabsorbed, what is this called?
papyrcus
Pregnant with increase in hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. What is this?
pre-eclampsia
A condition in which ascites is present in the fetal abdomen
non-immune hydrops
What findings confirm the pressence of a diamniotic preg?
two amniotic sacs
(membrane that separates the fetuses)
Overlapping of the skull bones
spalding sign
In an Rh sensitized patient, what are the sonographic findings of fetal hydrops?
scalp edema, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, polyhydramnios, and thickened placenta
Uterine contractions resolve typically in what time period?
20-30min
What is caudal regression syndrome?
lack of development of the caudal spine and cord
Premature labor, how many weeks is that?
before 37 weeks
Mono chorionic twin preg. If one develops without a head, what is it called?
acardiac anomaly
What’s another name for poly-oli?
stuck twin syndrome
A di-di preg, what will you see?
two amnions
two chorions
(each will have their own placenta, chorion, and sac)
Know twin to twin transfusion
exists when there is an arteriovenous shunt within the placenta
arterial blood of one twin is pumped into the venous system of the other
one twin has less blood flow (develops oligo)
one twin has more blood flow (develops poly)
Amniocentesis: what is it used for?
first used to relieve polyhydramnios, to predict Rh isoimmunization, and document fetal lung maturity
Reasons to perform an amnio (why do we do them?)
offered to patients who are at risk for chromosomal abnormalities or biochemical disorders
performed to determine karyotype, lung maturity, and Rh condition
Sonographic findings that may suggest a chromosomal anomaly
Nuchal thickness, shortened femurs, echogenic bowel, heart defects, duodenal atresia, talipes, omphalocele, clenched hands, holoprosencephaly, cleft lip and palate, renal anomalies, polydactyly, cranial defects, facial defects, hydrops, cystic hygroma
Where is AFP found in the fetus?
produced by yolk sac in early gest and later by the fetal liver
found in fetal spine, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys
What does the quad screen evaluate?
AFP, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol
Early noninvassive means of assessing aneuploidy?
NT test
What is the condition of increased nuchal thickening shortened femurs, cardiac anomaly, and fluid in the kidneys?
Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)
Cranial anomalies, choroid plexus cyst, facial anomalies, and rocker bottom feet
Trisomy 18 (Edward’s syndrome)
What disorder has holoprosencephaly and a proboscus?
Trisomy 13
Large cystic hygroma, hydrops, and coarctation of the aorta
Turner’s syndrome
Most common aneuploidy condition
Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)
