Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring:Abd > Study guide test 3 > Flashcards

Study guide test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the breast?

A

subcutaneous layer

mammary (glandular) layer-functional portion

retromammary layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

functional portion of the breast consists of how may lobes?

A

15-20 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the fibrous skeletal muscle that maintains the breast?

A

Cooper’s ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

As a woman ages, glandular breast tissue is replaced with what?

A

fatty tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe what Cooper’s ligaments look like under US?

A

echogenic and are dispersed in a linear pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe sonographic appearance of the retromammary layer:

A

similar in ehcogenicity and echotexture to the subcutaneous layer

hypoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the most important signs to make sure a lesion is cystic?

A

anechoic

show smooth inner margins with an imperceptible capsule

posterior acoustic enhancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a patient has clinical findings of lumpy, bumpy, painful, and tender breasts during their cycle, what do they have?

A

fibrocystic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of a papilloma?

A

small, multiple, multicenteric

consist of simple proliferations of duct epithelium projecting outward into a dilated lumen from one or more focal points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common solid, benign tumor of the breast?

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the sonographic characteristics of a fibroadenoma?

A

smooth, rounded margins

low-level homogeneous internal echoes

may demonstrate intermediate posterior enhancement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymphatic drainage from the breast generally flows to what lymph nodes?

A

first or “sentinel” lymph node along axillary node chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm of the breast?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the characteristics of breast carcinoma:

A

arise from the epithelium, in the ductal and glandular tissue, and usually has tentacles

ductal or lobular

invasive or noninvasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does skin dimpling suggest?

A

cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most common clinical sign of breast cancer is?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Primary purpose of breast screening:

A

detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in its earliest and most curable stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Know the clock face:

A

breast is viewed as a clock face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region

A

tail of Spence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

According to the ACS, all women should begin annual mammogram screening at what age?

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which artery is responsible for supplying more than 1/2 of the breast?

A

anterior perforating branches of the internal mammary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the condition when a male has breasts?

A

gynecomastia

23
Q

Appearance of breast cancer on US:

A

indistinct, fuzzy, spiculated

grow through tissue without compressing adjacent tissue and may cause retraction of the nipple or dimpling of the skin

sharp, angular microlobulations

taller than wide

hypoechoic, weak internal echoes, clustered microcalcifications

strong attenuating

firmly fixed

rigid, noncompressible

hypervascular; feeder vessel may be identified

24
Q

US is often a benefit for what procedures?

A

cyst aspiration

fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)

drainage procedures

preoperative needle (wire) localization

large-core needle biopsy

sentinel node biopsy

25
Q

If family hostory of breast cancer, when should you have a mammogram?

A

30

26
Q

If you have a family history of breast cancer and are younger than 30 and/or pregnant, what is the modality of choice?

A

ultrasound

27
Q

What other modalities are used besides US for the breast?

A

mammography-provides a sensitive method of screening for breast cancer

MRI- used along with US to provide additional characterization and further interrogation of breast lesions

28
Q

If you see a smooth mass on a mammogram and they want correlating images on US, what do you think you’re going to see?

A

aneochic cyst with posterior acoustic enhancement

29
Q

What are the advantages of breast US over mammography?

A

can differentiate structures within uniformly dense breast tissue

can visualize tissue adjacent to implants

30
Q

What is the diameter of a varicocele?

A

more than 2mm in diameter

31
Q

What is the fibrous capsule surrounding the testicle?

A

tunica albuginea

32
Q

Normal measurements of the testicle:

A

3-5cm length

2-4cm width

3cm height

33
Q

Sonographic characteristics of a testicle:

A

smooth, medium gray structures with a fine echo texture

34
Q

What is the linear strip that is echogenic that runs through the testis?

A

mediastinum

35
Q

Normal location of the epididymis:

A

begins superiorly and then courses posterolateral to the testis

36
Q

What are the facts about undescended testes?

A

10 times more likely to be affected by torsion

2.5-8 times more likely to develop cancer

80% testis found in inguinal canal

more common in premature babies

bilateral in 10-25% of cases

can prohibit spermatogenesis and result in infertility

37
Q

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in an adolescent:

A

torsion

38
Q

Some common causes for hydroceles:

A

epididymo-orchitis

torsion

trauma

development of a neoplasm

39
Q

Know about varicoceles

A

abnormal dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus

caused by incompetent venous valves within spermatic vein-called primary varicoceles

more common on the left

secondary varicoceles-caused by increased pressure on spermatic vein (result of renal hydronephrosis, abdominal mass, liver cirrhosis)

abdominal malignancy invading left renal vein may cause varicocele with noncompressible veins

40
Q

What part of the epididymis is the spermatocele located?

A

head of epididymis

41
Q

Common cause for scrotal pain in adults:

A

epididymo-orchitis

42
Q

What almost always transpires secondary to epididymitis?

A

orchitis

43
Q

What is tubular ectasia?

A

uncommon, benign condition

associated with the presence of a spermatocele, an epididymal or testicular cyst, or other epididymal obstruction

44
Q

What is a seminoma and what does it look like on US?

A

most common type of germ cell tumor

homogeneous, hypoechoic masses with a smooth border

45
Q

Epididymo-orchitis most commonly results from what?

A

spread of a lower urinary tract infection via the spermatic cord

46
Q

A clinical history of vasectomy is associated with what?

A

spermatoceles

47
Q

What is the primary source of blood supply to the testicle?

A

right and left testicular arteries

48
Q

Intratesticular cysts have an association with what?

A

extratesticular spermatoceles

49
Q

What is microlithiasis of the testis is associated with what?

A

testicular malignancy

50
Q

How frequently is a follow up for patients with microlithiasis recommended?

A

annually

51
Q

Attached at the superior pole of the testis between the epididymis and testis is what structure?

A

appendix

52
Q

Hydrocele develops between what layers of the scrotum?

A

between the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

53
Q

What is the location of the rete testis?

A

where the tubules converge at the apex of each lobule in the mediastinum

54
Q

What is the echogenicity difference between the testes and epididymis?

A

epididymis appears as isoechoic or hypoechoic-compared with the testis

(echotexture is coarser)

Spring:Abd (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions