Study Guide Review Test 2

Question 1

Made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Answer 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 2

Conserves energy and the body’s resources

Answer 2

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 3

Responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself

Answer 3

Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 4

The SNS releases catecholamines (epi), ______ insulin release, and redistributes _______ flow

Answer 4

decreases

blood

Question 5

Primary brain injuries can be classified as these two types:

Answer 5

Diffuse

Focal

Question 6

These brain injuries are specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location. I.e. Epidural hemorrhage

Answer 6

Focal

Question 7

Multifocal injuries, include brain injuries due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels.

Answer 7

Diffuse

Question 8

This is commonly seen after TBI and can lead to dangerous increases in ICP

Answer 8

Swelling

Question 9

Increased ICP can cause collateral dysfunction, such as ________________ _____________.

Answer 9

Diabetes Insipidus

ADH not secreted –> polyuria

Question 10

Happens when individuals have spinal lesions at the T6 or above:

Answer 10

Autonomic hyperreflexia

Question 11

S/sx of Autonomic Hyperreflexia

Answer 11

SBP up to 300 mmHg
HA
Blurred Vision
Sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing 
Nasal Congestion
Nausea
Piloerection 
Bradycardia (30-40 BPM)

Question 12

Leading cause of dementia

Answer 12

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 13

Early-onset familial AD (FAD) is an autosomal dominant and has been linked to 3 gene defects:

Answer 13

1) Amyloid precursor protein on chromosome 21
2) Presenilin 1 on chromosome 14
3) and PSEN2

Question 14

The incidence of stroke is about 2 times higher in ____ than ______.

Answer 14

blacks than whites

Question 15

Of all strokes, most are classified as:

Answer 15

Ischemic

Question 16

What is the biggest risk factor for stroke?

Answer 16

HTN

Question 17

What are the three classifications of stroke:

Answer 17

Ischemic (thrombotic or embolitic)
Global Hypoperfusion (as in shock)
Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Question 18

Guillain-Barre Syndrom is considered to be an ____________ disease.

Answer 18

Autoimmune

Question 19

Typical first manifestations of Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 19

Numbness
Pain
Paresthesia
Weakness

Question 20

The paresis/paralysis may be present in an _______ pattern

Answer 20

Ascending

Question 21

MS is a chronic ______ disease involving degeneration of the CNS ____, scarring or formation of _____ and loss of axons. MS is caused by an autoimmune response to ____-______.

Answer 21

inflammatory
myelin
plaque
self-antigen

Question 22

Myasthenia Gravis typically has an _____ onset. It is a chronic autoimmune disease mediated by ______ receptor antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction.

Answer 22

Insidious

Acetylcholine

Question 23

Clinical manifestations of MG may appear first during ______.

Answer 23

Pregnancy (post-partum)

Question 24

Hallmark symptoms of MG are:

Answer 24

Exertional fatigue

Weakness that worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity

Question 25

These muscles are typically affected first in MG:

Answer 25

eyes, face, mouth, throat, and neck

Question 26

Manifestations of MG:

Answer 26

Diplopia
Ptosis
Ocular Palsies