Study Guide Review Test 2 Flashcards
Made up of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Autonomic Nervous System
Conserves energy and the body’s resources
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Responds to stress by preparing the body to defend itself
Sympathetic Nervous System
The SNS releases catecholamines (epi), ______ insulin release, and redistributes _______ flow
decreases
blood
Primary brain injuries can be classified as these two types:
Diffuse
Focal
These brain injuries are specific, grossly observable brain lesions that occur in a precise location. I.e. Epidural hemorrhage
Focal
Multifocal injuries, include brain injuries due to hypoxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and damage to blood vessels.
Diffuse
This is commonly seen after TBI and can lead to dangerous increases in ICP
Swelling
Increased ICP can cause collateral dysfunction, such as ________________ _____________.
Diabetes Insipidus
ADH not secreted –> polyuria
Happens when individuals have spinal lesions at the T6 or above:
Autonomic hyperreflexia
S/sx of Autonomic Hyperreflexia
SBP up to 300 mmHg HA Blurred Vision Sweating above the level of the lesion with flushing Nasal Congestion Nausea Piloerection Bradycardia (30-40 BPM)
Leading cause of dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease
Early-onset familial AD (FAD) is an autosomal dominant and has been linked to 3 gene defects:
1) Amyloid precursor protein on chromosome 21
2) Presenilin 1 on chromosome 14
3) and PSEN2
The incidence of stroke is about 2 times higher in ____ than ______.
blacks than whites
Of all strokes, most are classified as:
Ischemic
What is the biggest risk factor for stroke?
HTN
What are the three classifications of stroke:
Ischemic (thrombotic or embolitic)
Global Hypoperfusion (as in shock)
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Guillain-Barre Syndrom is considered to be an ____________ disease.
Autoimmune
Typical first manifestations of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Numbness
Pain
Paresthesia
Weakness
The paresis/paralysis may be present in an _______ pattern
Ascending
MS is a chronic ______ disease involving degeneration of the CNS ____, scarring or formation of _____ and loss of axons. MS is caused by an autoimmune response to ____-______.
inflammatory
myelin
plaque
self-antigen
Myasthenia Gravis typically has an _____ onset. It is a chronic autoimmune disease mediated by ______ receptor antibodies that act at the neuromuscular junction.
Insidious
Acetylcholine
Clinical manifestations of MG may appear first during ______.
Pregnancy (post-partum)
Hallmark symptoms of MG are:
Exertional fatigue
Weakness that worsens with activity, improves with rest, and recurs with resumption of activity
These muscles are typically affected first in MG:
eyes, face, mouth, throat, and neck
Manifestations of MG:
Diplopia
Ptosis
Ocular Palsies
