Study Guide Questions Flashcards
What is ergonomics, and why is it important in dentistry?
Ergonomics is the study of designing the workspace to optimize efficiency and minimize strain. In dentistry, it helps reduce musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue, and improve performance.
What are the common ergonomic challenges faced by dentists?
Dentists work in a 3D environment, using static and vibrating instruments while dealing with saliva, requiring precise posture and movement control.
What are common posture-related issues among dentists?
Forward head posture, excessive neck flexion, slouched back, and improper chair height lead to chronic pain and musculoskeletal disorders.
How should a dentist adjust their stool for optimal posture?
The seat height should allow feet to rest flat, knees at 90-110°, and lumbar support at L4-L5 for proper back alignment.
What are the benefits of using loupes in dentistry?
Loupes improve visual clarity, posture, and reduce neck strain by providing magnification and reducing the need to lean forward.
What is the correct declination angle for loupes?
A steeper declination angle (greater than 40°) helps reduce neck and back strain, improving ergonomics.
What are the three types of loupes?
Through-the-lens (TTL), flip-up, and prismatic loupes, each varying in weight, adjustability, and field of view.
What are the ideal sitting posture guidelines for a dentist?
Head tilt <20°, shoulders relaxed, elbows close to the body, and thighs parallel to the floor.
What exercises can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders?
Seated lower back stretch, cat stretch, eye convergence training, and shoulder rotations help alleviate strain.
Why is it important for assistants to sit higher than the dentist?
A 4-6 inch height difference provides better visibility into the oral cavity and reduces excessive leaning.
What are the two main categories of hand instruments?
Cutting instruments (e.g., hatchets, chisels) and non-cutting instruments (e.g., mirrors, explorers, condensers).
What are the parts of a dental instrument?
Handle, shank, and working end (blade/nib).
What is the function of an explorer?
Detects caries, calculus, and surface irregularities by tactile sensation.
How does a mirror help with ergonomics?
Provides indirect vision, illumination, and tissue retraction, reducing unnecessary head movement.
What is the difference between front surface and concave mirrors?
Front surface mirrors prevent double images, while concave mirrors provide magnification.
Why is the modified pen grasp preferred over the regular pen grasp?
It provides better control, reduces muscle strain, and allows for more precise movements.
What is the function of the gingival margin trimmer?
Shapes and refines the gingival floor of cavity preparations.
How does the bevel orientation affect cutting instruments?
The bevel always faces away from the surface being cut to enhance cutting efficiency.
What are the key benefits of using a fulcrum while working?
Increases stability, control, and reduces strain on fingers and wrist.
How should burs be organized for maximum efficiency?
Store in labeled bur blocks according to procedure type and ensure proper sterilization.
What is the primary cause of dental caries?
Streptococcus mutans ferments sugars to produce acid, leading to enamel demineralization.
How is dental caries different from erosion?
Caries is caused by bacteria and acids, while erosion results from non-bacterial acids like citrus or GERD.
What role does saliva play in preventing caries?
Saliva buffers acids, remineralizes enamel, and washes away food debris.
What are three risk factors for developing caries?
Poor oral hygiene, frequent sugar intake, and low fluoride exposure.
