Instruments Flashcards
1
Q
True or False: Restorative dentistry instruments are only used for filling cavities.
A
False
2
Q
What is a dental mirror used for?
A
To provide visibility and access to the oral cavity.
3
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ are used to carve and shape dental materials.
A
Carvers
4
Q
Which instrument is used to remove decay from a tooth?
A
Excavator
5
Q
What does a periodontal probe measure?
A
The depth of periodontal pockets.
6
Q
True or False: An explorer is used to check for decay and irregularities on the tooth surface.
A
True
7
Q
What is the purpose of a condenser in restorative dentistry?
A
To pack and condense filling material into a cavity.
8
Q
What type of instrument is a tofflemire retainer?
A
A matrix system used for creating a temporary wall for fillings.
9
Q
True or False: A rubber dam is used to isolate the tooth being treated.
A
True
10
Q
Which instrument is specifically designed for shaping and finishing restorations?
A
Finishing bur
11
Q
True or False: Scalers are used for removing plaque and tartar from teeth.
A
True
12
Q
What is a common use for a high-speed handpiece?
A
To cut and prepare tooth structure for restorations.
13
Q
What is the purpose of a dental explorer?
A
To detect cavities and irregularities in teeth.
14
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ are used to secure the rubber dam in place.
A
Clamps
15
Q
What type of instrument is a slow-speed handpiece?
A
An instrument used for polishing and finishing restorations.
16
Q
True or False: An articulating paper is used to check occlusion.
A
True
17
Q
What is the function of a carver in restorative dentistry?
A
To shape the restoration material.
18
Q
What is a gingival retraction cord used for?
A
To temporarily displace the gingiva for better access during restorations.
19
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ are used to hold the matrix band in place during filling.
A
Tofflemire retainers
20
Q
What is the role of a burnisher?
A
To smooth and polish restorations.
21
Q
Name an instrument used for measuring the size of cavities.
A
Cavity measuring gauge
22
Q
What is the purpose of a dental spoon excavator?
A
To remove carious dentin.
23
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ are used to apply pressure to filling materials.
A
Condensers
24
Q
True or False: A dental cement spatula is used for mixing cements and liners.
A
True
25
What is the function of a root canal file?
To clean and shape the root canal system.
26
True or False: A dental light is not important for visibility during restorative procedures.
False
27
What are the two classifications of restorative hand instruments? What are examples of each
Cutting (excavators, spoons, hatchets, hoes, chisels, angle formers)
No cutting (condensers, mirrors, explorers, probes)
28
What are the three parts of an instrument?
Handle
Shank
Blade
29
What is the purpose of the handle of an instrument and how would you describe it?
Improve grip
Eight sided or knurled (to increase grip) and solid handled or cone socket(cone socket can unscrew tip to replace if needed)
30
How would you describe the shank of an instrument?
What are the advantages of the different shapes?
Straight or bent
Bending optimizes balance by bringing cutting edge within 1-2 mm of the long axis of the handle (to decrease fatigue while working)
31
What is the blade or nib?
The tip of the instrument that you use to do restorations
Blade = cutting instruments
+primary and 2ndary cutting edge, cutting edges are beveled
Nib = non cutting instruments
32
The bevel always faces _____ from the surface being cut
Away ! (Longer side would be making contact with tooth on margins of restoration)
33
What do the three numbers represent on operative instruments?
First = Width of blade in tenths of a meter (aka 12 mm= 1.2)
2nd = length of blade in mm
3rd = angle of the blade from the long axis of the shaft in centigrade (hundredths of a circle)
34
What is added to the 3 number system to make the 4 number system? Where in the order does it go?
Becomes the 2nd number and represents the angle of the cutting edge from the long axis of the shaft
**means instrument is beveled
ALWAYS >50
35
What is a hatchet instrument used for and how?
What does it look like?
Used in a chopping motion on the gingival, axial, and lateral walls of proximal box
Has primary and secondary cutting edges
Double ended with left or right side cutting edge; cutting edge parallel to the long axis of the handle
36
What is a bibeveled ordinary hatchet used for?
Retentive areas and defining internal line angles
37
What does a gingival margin trimmer look like?
Modified hatchet
Double ended and left and right sided
Curved blade and angled cutting edge
Mesial and distal pair
38
What would the 2nd number be on a gingival margin trimmer used for the mesial?
Distal?
(2nd number = angle)
75-85 =mesial
90-100=distal
39
Which 2nd numbers on a gingival margin trimmer would indicate use for inlays/onlays (produce steep angle for placing bevels)?
For amalgam preps?
100&75 = inlays/onlays
90&85 = amalgam
40
How does a chisel instrument appear and how do you use it?
What are the types of bevels on a chisel instrument?
Straight, curved, or angled
Cutting edge perpendicular to long axis of the handle
Used in a push motion
Regular = bevel faces away from operator
Reverse= bevel faces the operator
41
How is a hoe used? What types of prep?
Used to smooth floors and form line angles and create retention
Used in pull motion
Direct filling gold
42
Angle formers are a combination of ______ and ____ and are used to ___, _____, ______
How do they appear?
Chisel and gingival margin trimmer
Place dentin retention creatures, bevels, and sharpen line angles
Angle on cutting edge, shank can be straight or curved
43
What are knives used for ?
Trim excess soft (amalgam before set) interproximal material
44
What are files used for?
Trim excess set (amalgam) interproximal material
45
What is the discoid-cleoid used for?
Which side is round and which has a point?
Carving anatomy
Round = discoid; angle = cleoid
46
What are spoon excavators used for?
Caries removal
Give tactile information about out the quality of dentin, helps assess pulp
Note* use largest instrument that fits in space
47
What are condensers?
What are the differences between condensers you would use for composite versus amalgam?
What is a note about condensers?
Used to pack in material/shape material in restoration
Condensers used for composite should have inferences in wideness (aka should look like [] ) in order to avoid dragging composite up and out of restoration when removing instrument and therefore causing air bubbles
*condensers should be cleaned with alcohol frequently during filling to avoid composite sticking to instrument
48
What is often on the other side of a condenser instrument that we use for composite?
What do we use it for? And what does it look like?
Plastic instrument
Used to place composite (NOTE* clean with alcohol frequently to prevent adherence)
Designed with a flat, rounded, or slightly curved paddle like blade ; non flexible
49
The PLG7081T can be used to measure ________
What are the different options for length and width?
Preparation depth and proximal clearance
One side is 2.5 mm long and .9mm diameter (good for measuring isthmus)
Other is 1.2 and1.5 mm long and .6-.7 diameter
50
What are IPC instruments used for?
Shape and remove soft excess amalgam in the interproximal area (because flexible)
51
What are carving instruments used for?
Similar to IPC, but stiff and has a pointed blade
52
What instrument would you use to remove set composite ?
#12 carving blade
53
What are the purpose of burnishers?
What are some example shapes?
Create occlusal anatomy in soft material
Beaver tail, ball (true =fully round, not true might have a pointed side too), tbone, acorn
*dycal placement instrument (dycal = liner/base material)
54
What to instruments are needed for the initial placement of amalgam?
Amalgam carrier and amalgam well
55
What do tofflemire retainers secure into place?
Matrix bands
56
What are the differences between #17, #23, #2 explorers?
#17 = not fully rounded
#23= classic
#2= not as much of a hook as 23, great for interproximal or open margins
57
On a #23 explorer, what are the measurements that we can use to help us assess ?
Tip is .3mm
5mm form tip is .5mm
Diameter closer to curve is .7 mm
58
What do spoon excavators remove?
Soft dentin / decay
59
What is important to note about measuring with a perioprobe?
The TOP of the line (part of line closest to shaft) is where you measure
60
What is the correct grip for dental instruments?
Modified pen grip
Thumb and index hold, middle then engages shaft of instrument closer to tip, ring finger serve as brace/finger rest
61
In the maxillary arch, what is the grip we use called?
Inverted pen grasp
62
What are rotary cutting instruments?
What are the 3 parts? Where do breaks usually occur ?
Carbide burs
Head, neck, shank
Breaks between head and neck
63
What are some types of carbide burs?
Straight handpiece (long shaft)
Latch (latch on end of shaft that connects into handpiece)
Friction grip
64
On rotary cutting instruments, what are some characteristics and how would us use various types?
Shorter blades more efficient
Twisted to decrease vibration
Excavating burs = 6-10 blades
Finishing burs = 12-40 blades
*finishing are less efficient at cutting but produce smoother surface
65
What are flutes on bladed instruments?
Space between blades
Bigger = better debris removal and cutting
66
What is the clearance angle on rotary cutting instruments?
Clearance = angle the back of the blade makes with the tooth
*smaller is better
67
What is the rake angle on rotary cutting instruments?
Angle the face of the blade makes with the radial line
Positive not acceptable
Negative is best
68
What are round burs used for?
What are number/size options?
Initial entry/composite preps
Enameloplasty
Retention features & caries removal (main use at TUKSoD)
1/4-10
69
What is an inverted cone bur?
What are the sizes?
When is it used?
Rapidly tapered cone with the apex of the cone directed toward the bur shank
Length same as diameter
33 1/3 - 39
Used for preparing undercuts in dentin (class V, I)
70
What are the numbers/sizes for straight fissure burs?
What do they look like?
What are they used for?
55-61
Elongated cylinder with flat or curved tip
Large amalgam preps (deep and long walls)
71
What are the numbers/sizes for tapered fissure burs?
What do they look like?
What are they used for?
169-173
Slightly tapered cone with small end of cone directed away form the bur shank; flat or rounded tip
Used for preps requiring no undercuts (crowns, inlays/onlays)
72
What are the numbers/sizes for pear shaped burs?
What do they look like?
What are they used for?
329-333; 245
Slightly tapered inverted cone with small end of the cone directed toward the shank
Flat or curved end
Used for amalgam preps because it produces undercut
Composite preps
Restoration removal
73
Which burs are used for measurement during preparation because of their known length and diameter?
Pear shaped
330= 1.5 mm length
245= 3mm length
Both diameter = .8mm
74
What is an end cutting bur?
What number would be added in front of a regular bur classification number to indicate this?
Used in deep proximal boxes
Does not cut on the side
Add #9 in front (956-960)
*56-60 indicates straight fissure bur
75
What is a crosscut fissure bur?
What are the numbers of the straight versus tapered?
A more aggresssive bur
Straight = 555-561
Tapered = 700-703
*Best used on slow speed because they are very aggressive
76
What does adding āLā after a bur # indicate?
Denotes longer cutting head
77
What does adding a 1 or 11 to straight or tapered burs indicate?
Round cutting end
*use 1 if there is another number added, aka 5 =cross cut on straight fissure
Should always have 4 numbers
78
What are flexible abrasive disks used for?
Finishing and polishing tips?
Attaches to slow speed to enhance finishing and polishing
79
If you are working on enamel, would you use diamond or carbide burs?
Diamond
Diamond = enamel & carbide = dentin
80
What are some things to note about diamond burs?
Efficient at cutting brittle substances
Long life if cleaned and used with water spray to prevent clogging
Many shapes possible
Metal blank layered with powered diamond
81
A diamond bur will have 5 numbers as identification.
What do the last three numbers indicate?
C= headpiece shape
D= corresponds with color GRAIN TYPE
E=widest diameter of the headpiece
82
What grit level do each of the colored rings on a diamond bur indicate ?
Yellow = extra fine
Red = fine
Blue = medium
Green = coarse
Black = super coarse
83
What are the 6 cutting instrument precautions ?
Pulpal protection
-use water spray to prevent desiccation of the tooth resulting in postoperative pain
Soft tissue protection
-finger rests, retract soft tissue, only enter and removed STOPPED handpiece, use rubber dam
Eye protection
-wear approved safety glasses
Ear protection
Inhalation protection
-operator face masks and patient rubber dam
Face shields
-in aerosol conditions
84
When can burs be stored in a plastic container rather than an autoclavable bur block?
If they are not one time use and need to be sterilized (aka been used on a pt) they must be put into autoclave
If being used in lab they can be placed in plastic storage
85
What are the differences between air driven and electric high speed handpieces?
Electric has no loss of torque during prep
86
What are the parts of a slow speed handpiece?
Hose attachment
Motor **check forward and reverse
Straight or contra angle attachment
**note you can change the angle of contra angle attachment
87
What are the steps to instrument sharpening ?
Sharpen after sterilization
Establish proper angle with proper hand rests
Light pressure forward and back removes small amounts of metal
Lightly hone unbeveled side to remove metal spurs
Instrument is considered sharp is cutting edge digs into hard plastic during forward motion
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