Study Guide No. 8 Flashcards
Three pillars of sustainable development
Economic, environmental and social
Setting out the responsibilities of directors and establishing the accountability of the board to all the company’s stakeholders such that it includes the systems and tools used to achieve the company’s environmental objectives and their effectiveness in meeting desired outcomes.
Corporate Environmental Governance
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Atmospheric
Water Issues
Land Issues
Biodiversity
Genetically Modified Foods
Atmospheric
Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Global Warming
It typically arises from 3 different sources: stationary sources such as factories and power plants; mobile source such as cars, trucks, planes and trains; and natural sources such as windblown dust and volcanic eruptions; this gases / particulate may cause respiratory problems, birth defects and cancer, even haze that reduces visibility.
Air Pollution
This is the result when nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxides from factories react with air and rain; it may corrode paint and deteriorate stones.
Acid Rain
A treaty proposed among industrialized nations to slow global warming.
Kyoto Protocol
Water Issues
Water Pollution
Water Quantity
Results from the dumping of raw sewage and toxic chemicals into rivers and oceans, from oil and gasoline spills, and from the burial of industrial wastes in the ground where they may filter into underground water supplies.
Water Pollution
There has been sixfold increase in water use worldwide since 1990, and as a result, one-fifth of the world’s population now has no access to safe drinking water.
Water Quantity
Land Issues
Land Pollution
Waste Management
Deforestation
Urban Sprawl
Results from the dumping of residential and industrial wastes, strip mining, and poor forest conservation.
Land Pollution
Process of dealing with human waste from its origin to its final disposal.
Waste Management
The intentional clearing of forested land.
Deforestation
Rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns, often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on the private automobile for transportation.
Urban Sprawl
The world’s tropical forests, which cover just 7 % percent of the Earth’s land surface account for more than half of the planet’s biological species. The importance of these ecosystems is highlighted by the fact that 25% of the world’s prescription drugs are extracted from plants primarily growing in tropical rainforests. 70% of the 3,000 plants identified as sources of cancer fighting drugs come from tropical forests, and scientists suspect that many more tropical plants may have pharmaceutical benefits. However, these forests are being depleted at alarming rates.
Biodiversity
Involves transferring one or more genes from one organism to another to create a new life form that has unique traits.
Genetic engineering
Refers to the specific development, pricing, promotion, and distribution of products that do less harm to the environment.
Green marketing
The process of materials, especially steel, aluminum, paper, glass, rubber, and some plastics for reuse.
Recycling initiatives
Energy sources that are commonly accepted as having relatively low impact on human, animal, and ecosystem health.
Green power
Attempts to take into account the public consequences of organizational buying or bring about positive social change through organizational buying behavior.
Socially Responsible Buying
Any action deliberately taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent, reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural resources, and ensuring that man-made changes to the environment do not have harmful effects on humans.
Environment Policy
Refers to the ecological dimension (ecosystem) but can also take account of social dimension (quality of life) and an economic dimension (recourse management).
Environment
Defined as a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party business or individual.
Policy
Focuses on problems arising from human impact on the environment, which retroacts onto human society by having a negative impact on human values such as good health or the ‘clean and green’ environment.
Environment Policy
Are tools used by governments to implement their environmental policies. Governments may use a number of different types of instruments.
Environmental policy instruments
The protection and preservation of health and human life. Protection of natural resources such as water, air and
soil. Protection of biodiversity destruction. Combating desertification and save the landscape. The integrated
management of waste and hazardous materials and chemicals.
Objectives of Environmental Policy
Controlling human or societal behavior by governmental or self-rules or restrictions.
Environmental Regulations
Can be seen as implementation artifacts of policy statements.
Regulations
Businesses have responded to the opportunities and threats created by environmental issues with varying levels of commitment. A high-commitment business develops strategic management programs, which view the environment as an opportunity for advancing organizational interest.
Strategic Implementation of Environmental Responsibility
Requires a process for identifying and prioritizing the many claims and stakes on its business and for dealing with trade-offs related to the impact on different stakeholders.
Stakeholder analysis
Tries to assess the environmental risks and trade-offs associated with business decisions.
Risk analysis
