Study Guide No. 8

Question 1

Three pillars of sustainable development

Answer 1

Economic, environmental and social

Question 2

Setting out the responsibilities of directors and establishing the accountability of the board to all the company’s stakeholders such that it includes the systems and tools used to achieve the company’s environmental objectives and their effectiveness in meeting desired outcomes.

Answer 2

Corporate Environmental Governance

Question 3

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Answer 3

Atmospheric
Water Issues
Land Issues
Biodiversity
Genetically Modified Foods

Question 4

Atmospheric

Answer 4

Air Pollution
Acid Rain
Global Warming

Question 5

It typically arises from 3 different sources: stationary sources such as factories and power plants; mobile source such as cars, trucks, planes and trains; and natural sources such as windblown dust and volcanic eruptions; this gases / particulate may cause respiratory problems, birth defects and cancer, even haze that reduces visibility.

Answer 5

Air Pollution

Question 6

This is the result when nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxides from factories react with air and rain; it may corrode paint and deteriorate stones.

Answer 6

Acid Rain

Question 7

A treaty proposed among industrialized nations to slow global warming.

Answer 7

Kyoto Protocol

Question 8

Water Issues

Answer 8

Water Pollution
Water Quantity

Question 9

Results from the dumping of raw sewage and toxic chemicals into rivers and oceans, from oil and gasoline spills, and from the burial of industrial wastes in the ground where they may filter into underground water supplies.

Answer 9

Water Pollution

Question 10

There has been sixfold increase in water use worldwide since 1990, and as a result, one-fifth of the world’s population now has no access to safe drinking water.

Answer 10

Water Quantity

Question 11

Land Issues

Answer 11

Land Pollution
Waste Management
Deforestation
Urban Sprawl

Question 12

Results from the dumping of residential and industrial wastes, strip mining, and poor forest conservation.

Answer 12

Land Pollution

Question 13

Process of dealing with human waste from its origin to its final disposal.

Answer 13

Waste Management

Question 14

The intentional clearing of forested land.

Answer 14

Deforestation

Question 15

Rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns, often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on the private automobile for transportation.

Answer 15

Urban Sprawl

Question 16

The world’s tropical forests, which cover just 7 % percent of the Earth’s land surface account for more than half of the planet’s biological species. The importance of these ecosystems is highlighted by the fact that 25% of the world’s prescription drugs are extracted from plants primarily growing in tropical rainforests. 70% of the 3,000 plants identified as sources of cancer fighting drugs come from tropical forests, and scientists suspect that many more tropical plants may have pharmaceutical benefits. However, these forests are being depleted at alarming rates.

Answer 16

Biodiversity

Question 17

Involves transferring one or more genes from one organism to another to create a new life form that has unique traits.

Answer 17

Genetic engineering

Question 18

Refers to the specific development, pricing, promotion, and distribution of products that do less harm to the environment.

Answer 18

Green marketing

Question 19

The process of materials, especially steel, aluminum, paper, glass, rubber, and some plastics for reuse.

Answer 19

Recycling initiatives

Question 19

Energy sources that are commonly accepted as having relatively low impact on human, animal, and ecosystem health.

Answer 19

Green power

Question 20

Attempts to take into account the public consequences of organizational buying or bring about positive social change through organizational buying behavior.

Answer 20

Socially Responsible Buying

Question 20

Any action deliberately taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent, reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural resources, and ensuring that man-made changes to the environment do not have harmful effects on humans.

Answer 20

Environment Policy

Question 21

Refers to the ecological dimension (ecosystem) but can also take account of social dimension (quality of life) and an economic dimension (recourse management).

Answer 21

Environment

Question 22

Defined as a course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party business or individual.

Answer 22

Policy

Question 23

Focuses on problems arising from human impact on the environment, which retroacts onto human society by having a negative impact on human values such as good health or the ‘clean and green’ environment.

Answer 23

Environment Policy

Question 24

Are tools used by governments to implement their environmental policies. Governments may use a number of different types of instruments.

Answer 24

Environmental policy instruments

Question 25

The protection and preservation of health and human life. Protection of natural resources such as water, air and
soil. Protection of biodiversity destruction. Combating desertification and save the landscape. The integrated
management of waste and hazardous materials and chemicals.

Answer 25

Objectives of Environmental Policy

Question 26

Controlling human or societal behavior by governmental or self-rules or restrictions.

Answer 26

Environmental Regulations

Question 27

Can be seen as implementation artifacts of policy statements.

Answer 27

Regulations

Question 28

Businesses have responded to the opportunities and threats created by environmental issues with varying levels of commitment. A high-commitment business develops strategic management programs, which view the environment as an opportunity for advancing organizational interest.

Answer 28

Strategic Implementation of Environmental Responsibility

Question 29

Requires a process for identifying and prioritizing the many claims and stakes on its business and for dealing with trade-offs related to the impact on different stakeholders.

Answer 29

Stakeholder analysis

Question 30

Tries to assess the environmental risks and trade-offs associated with business decisions.

Answer 30

Risk analysis