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Biology > Study guide for unit two > Flashcards

Study guide for unit two Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atoms

A

Extremely small. They are made out of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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2
Q

Chemical element

A

A pure substance made of one type of atom

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3
Q

Chemical bond

A

Holds atoms together in a compound

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4
Q

Compound

A

Atoms of different elements joined together

Bond between atoms

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5
Q

Two types of chemical bonds

A

Covalent and ionic

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6
Q

All living things depend on what?

A

Water

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7
Q

Polar

A

One of its ends has a slightly positive charge and another has a slightly negative charge.

This is in a water molecule

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Formed between the slightly positive and slightly negative ends of adjacent molecules.

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9
Q

Water solutions may be…

A

Acid or Basie

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10
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged

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11
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral

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12
Q

Electrons

A

Negative

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13
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

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14
Q

Why are some ions, positive and others negative?

A

Because they are constantly gaining and losing electrons.

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Formed by gaining or losing neutrons.

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16
Q

Chemical bond

A

Holds atoms together in a compound.

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17
Q

Ionic bonds IMPORTANT

A

A bond formed between between ions

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18
Q

Covalent bonds IMPORTANT

A

In a covalent bond electrons are shared

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19
Q

Compound

A

A bond formed between two or more elements.

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20
Q

Polarity

A

Positive and negative ends of water

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21
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecule stick together because they are co partners

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22
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules stick to other things because they are adding onto other things.

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23
Q

Surface tension

A

What allows objects to flow above water with a higher density. If you break the surface tension, the object will fall.

24
Q

Capillary action

A

Climbing of water in small spaces. Some examples are using a straw or absorbing a paper towel.

25
Q

Density solid versus liquid

A

Ice is less dense than water.

26
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

27
Q

Solvent

A

Substance doing the dissolving

28
Q

Endothermic

A

Absorbs energy and stores it in chemical bonds

29
Q

Exothermic

A

Releases energy by breaking chemical bonds

30
Q

Catalysts

A

Substance that speeds up a reaction

31
Q

Enzymes

A

Protein that works to speed up certain chemical reactions and only works in certain places called substances.

32
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy that starts a reaction

33
Q

Acids

A

High H+ concentration equals acids

34
Q

Bases

A

Higher OH- concentration equals bases.

35
Q

pH scale

A

Measures to determine if a substance is an acid or basic. It goes from 0 to 14.

36
Q

0 to 7 on a pH scale is…

A

Acid

37
Q

7 to 14 on a PH scale is a…

A

Bass

38
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

39
Q

H2O or water is made up of…

A

Two hydrogens and three oxygen

40
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons making up an atom

41
Q

How do acids and bases differ?

A

Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water; bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

42
Q

How do enzymes speed up a reaction?

A

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

43
Q

Iron

A

FE

44
Q

Potassium

A

K

45
Q

Calcium

A

CA

46
Q

Sodium

A

NA

47
Q

Chlorine

A

CL

48
Q

Magnesium

A

MG

49
Q

How can an ion be more negative or more positive?

A

It can have more or less protons and electrons

50
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Takes and sunlight and stores, energy and sugar molecules

51
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Breaks bonds and sugar and releases ATP

52
Q

Reactant

A

Molecules that start reaction

53
Q

Product

A

Molecules created in a reaction

54
Q

Equilibrium

A

Balanced

55
Q

All atoms must be….

A

Balanced

56
Q

Salivary amylose

A

Breaks down sugars and found in saliva

57
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Formed between the slightly positive and slightly negative ends of an adjacent molecule

Biology (5 decks)

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