Study guide for unit two

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Extremely small. They are made out of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

Chemical element

Answer 2

A pure substance made of one type of atom

Question 3

Chemical bond

Answer 3

Holds atoms together in a compound

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

Atoms of different elements joined together

Bond between atoms

Question 5

Two types of chemical bonds

Answer 5

Covalent and ionic

Question 6

All living things depend on what?

Answer 6

Water

Question 7

Polar

Answer 7

One of its ends has a slightly positive charge and another has a slightly negative charge.

This is in a water molecule

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 8

Formed between the slightly positive and slightly negative ends of adjacent molecules.

Question 9

Water solutions may be…

Answer 9

Acid or Basie

Question 10

Protons

Answer 10

Positively charged

Question 11

Neutrons

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

Electrons

Answer 12

Negative

Question 13

Ions

Answer 13

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons

Question 14

Why are some ions, positive and others negative?

Answer 14

Because they are constantly gaining and losing electrons.

Question 15

Isotopes

Answer 15

Formed by gaining or losing neutrons.

Question 16

Chemical bond

Answer 16

Holds atoms together in a compound.

Question 17

Ionic bonds IMPORTANT

Answer 17

A bond formed between between ions

Question 18

Covalent bonds IMPORTANT

Answer 18

In a covalent bond electrons are shared

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

A bond formed between two or more elements.

Question 20

Polarity

Answer 20

Positive and negative ends of water

Question 21

Cohesion

Answer 21

Water molecule stick together because they are co partners

Question 22

Adhesion

Answer 22

Water molecules stick to other things because they are adding onto other things.

Question 23

Surface tension

Answer 23

What allows objects to flow above water with a higher density. If you break the surface tension, the object will fall.

Question 24

Capillary action

Answer 24

Climbing of water in small spaces. Some examples are using a straw or absorbing a paper towel.

Question 25

Density solid versus liquid

Answer 25

Ice is less dense than water.

Question 26

Solute

Answer 26

Substance being dissolved

Question 27

Solvent

Answer 27

Substance doing the dissolving

Question 28

Endothermic

Answer 28

Absorbs energy and stores it in chemical bonds

Question 29

Exothermic

Answer 29

Releases energy by breaking chemical bonds

Question 30

Catalysts

Answer 30

Substance that speeds up a reaction

Question 31

Enzymes

Answer 31

Protein that works to speed up certain chemical reactions and only works in certain places called substances.

Question 32

Activation energy

Answer 32

Energy that starts a reaction

Question 33

Acids

Answer 33

High H+ concentration equals acids

Question 34

Bases

Answer 34

Higher OH- concentration equals bases.

Question 35

pH scale

Answer 35

Measures to determine if a substance is an acid or basic. It goes from 0 to 14.

Question 36

0 to 7 on a pH scale is…

Answer 36

Acid

Question 37

7 to 14 on a PH scale is a…

Answer 37

Bass

Question 38

Atomic number

Answer 38

Number of protons

Question 39

H2O or water is made up of…

Answer 39

Two hydrogens and three oxygen

Question 40

Subatomic particles

Answer 40

Protons, neutrons, and electrons making up an atom

Question 41

How do acids and bases differ?

Answer 41

Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water; bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

Question 42

How do enzymes speed up a reaction?

Answer 42

Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

Question 43

Iron

Answer 43

FE

Question 44

Potassium

Answer 44

K

Question 45

Calcium

Answer 45

CA

Question 46

Sodium

Answer 46

NA

Question 47

Chlorine

Answer 47

CL

Question 48

Magnesium

Answer 48

MG

Question 49

How can an ion be more negative or more positive?

Answer 49

It can have more or less protons and electrons

Question 50

Photosynthesis

Answer 50

Takes and sunlight and stores, energy and sugar molecules

Question 51

Cellular respiration

Answer 51

Breaks bonds and sugar and releases ATP

Question 52

Reactant

Answer 52

Molecules that start reaction

Question 53

Product

Answer 53

Molecules created in a reaction

Question 54

Equilibrium

Answer 54

Balanced

Question 55

All atoms must be….

Answer 55

Balanced

Question 56

Salivary amylose

Answer 56

Breaks down sugars and found in saliva

Question 57

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 57

Formed between the slightly positive and slightly negative ends of an adjacent molecule