Study guide definitions

Question 1

Homologous chromosome

Answer 1

In diploid cells, the two copies of each chromosome containing the same genes, although the alleles may differ

Question 2

Sister chromatid

Answer 2

One of a pair of chromatin threads; one side of a chromosome’s X-shape

Question 3

Synapsis

Answer 3

Binding of homologs during the early part of cell division

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

DNA-protein complex which attaches the two sister chromatids.

Question 5

Centrosome

Answer 5

Organizes the microtubules of the spindle during mitosis in animals.

Question 6

Kinetochore

Answer 6

Protein structure associated with a specific DNA sequence that attaches the chromosome to a fiber of the spindle apparatus.

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

Having only one copy of each chromosome in the cell

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

Having two copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father, in each cell.

Question 9

Aneuploidy

Answer 9

The condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell or an organism.