Cell division

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

Shortest stage of mitosis: proteins of the centromere linking the chromatids cut apart and the sister chromatids separate.

Question 2

binary fission

Answer 2

Cell division in prokaryotes where two daughter cells are produced from the parent cell; asexual reproduction in unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 3

cell cycle

Answer 3

Life cycle of a cell; includes interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Question 4

cell division

Answer 4

Reproduction of the cell in which one cell becomes two identical cells.

Question 5

cell plate

Answer 5

The precursor for the new cell wall that forms during cytokinesis in plant cells.

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

DNA-protein complex which attaches the two sister chromatids.

Question 7

centrosome

Answer 7

Organizes the microtubules of the spindle during mitosis in animals.

Question 8

chromatin

Answer 8

DNA and proteins (histones) that make up the chromosomes.

Question 9

chromosome

Answer 9

Tightly coiled form of the DNA-protein complex.

Question 10

cleavage furrow

Answer 10

During cytokinesis in animals, the contractible ring of microfilaments around the equator of the cell.

Question 11

cytokinesis

Answer 11

Division and separation of the cell outside the nucleus.

Question 12

G0 phase

Answer 12

Extended, non-dividing stage in cells that divide infrequently.

Question 13

G1 phase

Answer 13

First gap phase of interphase, when cell growth occurs.

Question 14

G2 phase

Answer 14

Second gap phase when the cell continues to grow and prepares for division.

Question 15

interphase

Answer 15

Phase of the cell cycle in which the cell grows and the DNA replicates.

Question 16

kinetochore

Answer 16

Protein structure associated with a specific DNA sequence that attaches the chromosome to a fiber of the spindle apparatus.

Question 17

M phase

Answer 17

Mitotic phase of the cell cycle.

Question 18

meiosis

Answer 18

Type of cell division that produces gametes (in animals) or sexual spores (in fungi and plants) that have half the genetic material of the parent cell.

Question 19

metaphase

Answer 19

Stage of mitosis in which motor proteins move the chromosomes to align along the equator of the cell.

Question 20

metaphase plate

Answer 20

An imaginary plane located at right angles to the mitotic spindle and midway between the spindle poles, where chromosomes are positioned at metaphase.

Question 21

mitosis

Answer 21

Type of cell division which results in two genetically identical cells.

Question 22

mitotic spindle

Answer 22

Microtubules and associated proteins that attach to and move the chromosomes during cell division.

Question 23

motor proteins

Answer 23

Proteins that convert the energy of ATP into movement along a surface. During mitosis and cytokinesis, motor proteins move along microtubules and actin microfilaments facilitating the movement of things like chromosomes.

Question 24

prometaphase

Answer 24

Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes condense further and attach to the spindle via the kinetochore.

Question 25

prophase

Answer 25

Stage of mitosis in which the DNA condenses and chromosomes become visible.

Question 26

S phase

Answer 26

Synthesis phase of interphase when the chromosomes are duplicated.

Question 27

sister chromatid

Answer 27

One of a pair of chromatin threads; one side of a chromosome X-shape.

Question 28

supercoiling

Answer 28

A process of compacting DNA inside a cell by twisting it around itself.

Question 29

telophase

Answer 29

Stage of mitosis in which the nuclei reform and the chromosomes uncoil; microtubules make the spindle dissociate.

Question 30

tubulin

Answer 30

The building blocks or subunits of microtubules.