Study guide-chp 6

Question 1

What is yellow marrow? What is it made of and where is it located?

Answer 1

Yellow marrow is stored in the medullary cavity of the long bone. It is made of adipose tissue or fat in order to store energy

Question 2

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 2

Compact and cancellous

Question 3

What is the unit that makes up compact bone?

Answer 3

Osteon

Question 4

What is spongy bone made of?

Answer 4

Trabeculae

Question 5

Name the hormones involved in bone formation and bone absorption.(2)

Answer 5

Calcitonin and parathyroid

Question 6

What hormones make your bones healthy?(4)

Answer 6

Estrogen, testosterone, calcitonin, and parathyroid

Question 7

What is ossification?

Answer 7

The process of forming mature bone

Question 8

How does that process work in a developing human?

Answer 8

Bone forms from cartilage and chondrocytes

Question 9

What are chondrocytes? What is their job?

Answer 9

Cartilage cells/to both drive the growth of the skeletal elements and to form a scaffold for the subsequent mineralization by osteoblasts

Question 10

What are osteocytes? What is their job?

Answer 10

Bone cells/Osteocytes regulate the formation of new bone and the resorption of old bone - dictating bone remodeling and repair

Question 11

What structure is responsible for bones growing longer?

Answer 11

Epiphyseal plate

Question 12

What is Colles’ Fracture? What is Pott’s fracture?

Answer 12

Colles’ fracture is a break in the wrist or carpals or the bones associated with the radius/ulna. Pott’s fracture is a break in the ankle or tarsals or the bones associated with the tibia/fibula

Question 13

What happens if bone formation occurs without adequate growth hormone?

Answer 13

Bones may be too short, inadequate growth may occur

Question 14

What are the cells that build up the bone matrix called?

Answer 14

Osteoblasts

Question 15

What are the cells that break down bone called?

Answer 15

Osteoclasts

Question 16

What is the role of Vitamin D and calcium in our bone health?

Answer 16

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium

Question 17

How do bones grow longer during childhood to adolescence?

Answer 17

At epiphyseal plates. Cartilage grows and divides and then hardens or ossifies.

Question 18

What is the other type of marrow besides yellow marrow? What is the job of this other marrow and where is it located in children and adults?

Answer 18

Red marrow/Produce blood cells. In children, it is in every bone. In adults the long bones are filled with yellow marrow and red marrow only found in cranium sternum, thoracic cage, ends of long bones. See slide deck Chapter 6

Question 19

What are the functions or jobs of the skeleton?

Answer 19

Support. Protection,movement, blood cell production

Question 20

Why is there an opening, hole, or canal through the osteon? What is in there?

Answer 20

The opening is for the blood vessels.

Question 21

What is the periosteum and how does it attach to the bone?

Answer 21

Membrane that covers the bone. It is attached to the bone by Sharpey’s fibers.

Question 22

The three germ layers are endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Which layer does bone come from?

Answer 22

Bone comes from Mesoderm

Question 23

Why are the ends of some bones covered with cartilage?

Answer 23

Reduces friction and provides padding.

Question 24

What are the names of the classifications of bones by shape?

Answer 24

Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid

Question 25

In flat bones, what is the name of the two layers of compact bone that have a spongy layer in between?

Answer 25

Diploe

Question 26

What is a fracture?

Answer 26

Partial or complete break in a bone

Question 27

Name and be able to describe and locate the parts of a long bone.

Question 28

How would you classify the bones of the skull by shape? Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid??

Answer 28

The skull is composed of flat bones