Study guide-chp 6 Flashcards
Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
What is yellow marrow? What is it made of and where is it located?
Yellow marrow is stored in the medullary cavity of the long bone. It is made of adipose tissue or fat in order to store energy
What are the two types of bone?
Compact and cancellous
What is the unit that makes up compact bone?
Osteon
What is spongy bone made of?
Trabeculae
Name the hormones involved in bone formation and bone absorption.(2)
Calcitonin and parathyroid
What hormones make your bones healthy?(4)
Estrogen, testosterone, calcitonin, and parathyroid
What is ossification?
The process of forming mature bone
How does that process work in a developing human?
Bone forms from cartilage and chondrocytes
What are chondrocytes? What is their job?
Cartilage cells/to both drive the growth of the skeletal elements and to form a scaffold for the subsequent mineralization by osteoblasts
What are osteocytes? What is their job?
Bone cells/Osteocytes regulate the formation of new bone and the resorption of old bone - dictating bone remodeling and repair
What structure is responsible for bones growing longer?
Epiphyseal plate
What is Colles’ Fracture? What is Pott’s fracture?
Colles’ fracture is a break in the wrist or carpals or the bones associated with the radius/ulna. Pott’s fracture is a break in the ankle or tarsals or the bones associated with the tibia/fibula
What happens if bone formation occurs without adequate growth hormone?
Bones may be too short, inadequate growth may occur
What are the cells that build up the bone matrix called?
Osteoblasts
What are the cells that break down bone called?
Osteoclasts
What is the role of Vitamin D and calcium in our bone health?
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium
How do bones grow longer during childhood to adolescence?
At epiphyseal plates. Cartilage grows and divides and then hardens or ossifies.
What is the other type of marrow besides yellow marrow? What is the job of this other marrow and where is it located in children and adults?
Red marrow/Produce blood cells. In children, it is in every bone. In adults the long bones are filled with yellow marrow and red marrow only found in cranium sternum, thoracic cage, ends of long bones. See slide deck Chapter 6
What are the functions or jobs of the skeleton?
Support. Protection,movement, blood cell production
Why is there an opening, hole, or canal through the osteon? What is in there?
The opening is for the blood vessels.
What is the periosteum and how does it attach to the bone?
Membrane that covers the bone. It is attached to the bone by Sharpey’s fibers.
The three germ layers are endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. Which layer does bone come from?
Bone comes from Mesoderm
Why are the ends of some bones covered with cartilage?
Reduces friction and provides padding.
What are the names of the classifications of bones by shape?
Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid
In flat bones, what is the name of the two layers of compact bone that have a spongy layer in between?
Diploe
What is a fracture?
Partial or complete break in a bone
Name and be able to describe and locate the parts of a long bone.
How would you classify the bones of the skull by shape? Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid??
The skull is composed of flat bones
