Study Guide: Chapter 1

Question 1

Three domains of Living Things

Answer 1

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Monocellular (One unit living by itself)
Prokaryotes (No nucleus)
Very small (Simple)

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

Monocellular (One unit living by itself)
Prokaryotes (No nucleus)
Very small (Simple)

Question 4

Eukarya

Answer 4

Mono/multicellular
have nucleus
large (complex)

Question 5

Biosphere

Answer 5

All life on earth and the places where life exists

Question 6

Ecosystem

Answer 6

all the organisms in a particular area, as well as the physical components with which life interacts, such as soil, water, and light. (Alive and Dead)

Question 7

Community

Answer 7

all the organisms in an ecosystem

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

all the individuals of a particular species living in a community

Question 9

Organism

Answer 9

an individual living thing

Question 10

Organs and Organ Systems

Answer 10

body parts that perform a specific function. Several organs may cooperate in an organ system

Question 11

Tissue

Answer 11

a group of similar cells performing a specific function

Question 12

Cell

Answer 12

the fundamental structural and functional unit of life (smallest piece of living thing that is alive)

Question 13

Organelles

Answer 13

a membrane enclosed functional structure in a cell

Question 14

Molecules

Answer 14

a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

Question 15

Scientific Method

Answer 15

Observation
Hypothesis – statement that can be proven false
Experiment/observation
Conclusion
Accept or reject hypothesis
If accept then peer review

Question 16

Independent vs Dependent variables

Answer 16

Independent - we control

Dependent - we measure

Question 17

hypothesis testing

Answer 17

mathematical tests to determine probability that results are due to chance (null, pvalue)

Question 18

Experimental Power

Answer 18

need to have more samples in your experiment if

1. you are measuring more variables
2. there is higher variation in the dependent variable

Question 19

peer review

Answer 19

study doesn’t “exist” until published

exp. being evaluated (design, good control, valid conclusions)

Question 20

Evolution

Answer 20

the process of change that has transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to the vast array of organisms living today (all living things are biologically related. more closely related things have nearer common ancestors)

Question 21

Natural Selection

Answer 21

a process in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals that don’t have those traits

Question 22

model of evolution by natural selection

Answer 22

new species evolve as a result of the gradual accumulation of changes over long periods of time (similar to family tree)

Some errors are more favorable than others in a certain environment. Individuals who have them propagate to a greater extent then ones who do not. these errors spread to the whole population and that is evolution by natural selection

Question 23

DNA

Answer 23

Provides master instruction for all of a cells functions, and passes heritable info from generation to generation when copied wrong it can = mutation (instruction to make proteins)

Question 24

gene

Answer 24

short DNA sequence (hundred or thousands of “letters” long)