Study guide (ch 5-8) Flashcards
1
Q
Epidermis is the…
A
2
Q
Dermis is the…
A
3
Q
Hypodermis is the…
A
4
Q
What is stratum corneum composed of?
A
5
Q
What is the stratum Lucidum layer?
A
6
Q
What happens in the Stratum Granulosum layer?
A
7
Q
What does the stratum spinosum layer contain?
A
8
Q
Stratum Basale is the…
A
9
Q
What does the stratum basale layer contain?
A
10
Q
What does the epidermal ridges and dermal papillae do?
A
11
Q
Define the keratin structure
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12
Q
Define keratinocytes
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13
Q
Define Melanocytes
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14
Q
What are Langerhans cells?
A
14
Q
How do melanocytes contribute to melanin?
A
15
Q
What is the hypodermis composed of?
A
16
Q
Define the papillary layer
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17
Q
Define the reticular layer
A
18
Q
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the
A
18
Q
how is melanin distributed to the keratinocytes?
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19
Q
The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?
A
20
Q
Squamous cell carcinomas affect which cells of the epidermis?
A
21
Q
In general, the most common type of skin cancer is ________.
A
22
Q
Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out?
A
23
In the epidermis, the dividing cells are found in the ___________.
24
Langerhans (dendritic) cells are commonly found in the ________.
25
Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules?
26
Melanin is a derivative of what base molecule?
27
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________.
28
Collagen lends ________ to the skin.
29
What molecule, in addition to melanin, can accumulate in epidermal cells and change skin color?
29
In response to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, the arrector pili ________.
30
The cuticle of hair is composed largely of ________.
31
What part of the nail contains the rapidly dividing cells which cause the nail to grow?
32
Sebaceous glands ________.
32
Which of the following is the free edge of the nail, is composed of a thickend stratum corneum, and furthest from the nail growth center?
33
Eccrine sweat glands ________.
34
What type of gland is a mammary gland?
35
In humans, exposure of the skin to sunlight is required for ________.
36
What are common age-related changes?
37
What are the 5 key functions of the skeletal system?
38
most likely to be released when blood calcium levels are elevated?
39
With respect to their direct effects on osseous tissue, which pair of hormones has actions that oppose each other?
40
In bone repair, the internal and external calli are replaced by ________.
41
Which of the following hormones are responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?
42
Calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine if ________ is lacking.
43
Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________.
43
Bones grow in diameter due to bone formation ________.
44
What is the correct sequence of zones in the epiphyseal plate?
44
By definition, in a compound fracture, ________.
44
The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking?
44
What bones is (are) formed by intramembranous ossification?
45
What covers the outer and inner surfaces of bones, and is covered by either periosteum or endosteum?
45
In endochondral ossification, what happens to the chondrocytes?
45
Why are osteocytes spread out in bone tissue?
46
What structure consists of bone cells organized around a central canal separated to by concentric lamellae?
47
Which cells do not originate from osteogenic cells?
48
Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis?
49
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________.
50
The diaphysis contains ________ in the walls of the shaft.
51
What occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis?
52
Long bones enable body movement by acting as a ________.
53
Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones
53
Which category of bone is the femur?
54
Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________.
55
The skeletal system is made of ________.
55
Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________.
56
What can be found in areas of movement?
57
Yellow marrow has been identified as ________.
58
Red marrow has been identified as ________.
59
Without red marrow, bones would not be able to ________.
60
Bone tissue can be described as ________.
61
Which function of the skeletal system would be especially important if you were in a car accident?
62
The axial skeleton ________.
63
The paranasal sinuses are ________.
63
what is a function of the axial skeleton?
64
The middle cranial fossa ________.
64
The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the ________.
64
What is a bone of the brain case?
65
Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ________.
66
Which bony openings of the skull is completely within the occipital bone?
67
What bone is in the orbit?
68
The zygomatic arch is composed of extensions of what two bones?
69
The cervical region of the vertebral column consists of ________.
70
A curvature of the spine which causes you to bend over forward is called a
70
The primary curvatures of the vertebral column ________.
71
In a typical vertebra, the spinal cord passes through the ________.
72
The first cervical vertebra is known as the______; the second cervical vertebra is known as the ______.
72
The process which extends posteriorly on a vertebra is the
73
A typical lumbar vertebra has ________.
74
Which of the vertebra have a foramen in the transverse process?
74
Embryonic development of what part of the axial skeleton involves intramembranous ossification?
75
A fontanelle ________.
76
The tubercle of a rib ________.
77
True ribs are ________.
78
The sternal angle is the ________.
79
What is at the center of an intervertebral disc?
80
The sternum is composed of what parts?
81
What ligament connects the cervical region of the vertebral column to the base of the skull?
82
The clavicle ________.
83
Which event takes place during the fourth week of development?
84
What is the total number of bones found in the foot and toes?
85
Which tarsal bone articulates with both the tibia and fibula?
86
What structure contributes to the most medial part of the knee joint?
87
What angle is a measure of the amount of lateral deviation of the femur from the vertical link of the tibia?
88
Which bony landmark of the femur serves as a site for muscle attachments?
89
The female pelvis differs from the male pelvis in that ________.
90
Which component forms the superior part of the hip bone?
90
The ischial spine is found between which of the following structures?
91
what supports body weight when sitting?
92
How many bones fuse in adulthood to form the hip bone?
93
What is a distal fracture of the radius called?
94
What connective tissue band forms the palmar boundary of the carpal tunnel?
95
Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row?
96
How many phalanges do the four non thumb fingers have? How many phalanges does the thumb have?
97
The radius bone ________.
has a head that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
97
Which bony landmark is located on the lateral side of the proximal humerus?
greater tubercle
98
What part of the ulna fits into the trochlea of the humerus?
olecranon
99
Which region of the humerus articulates with the radius as part of the elbow joint?
capitulum
100
Name the short, hook-like bony process of the scapula that projects anteriorly.
coracoid process
101
What structure is an extension of the spine of the scapula?
acromion
102
Which feature lies between the spine and superior border of the scapula?
suprascapular notch
102
What part of the scapula does the clavicle articulate with?
acromiun
102
A shoulder separation results from injury to the ________.
glenohumeral joint
102
Which part of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
sternal end
