Integumentary system

Question 1

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 1

protection, sensation, secretion, temp regulation and the site of vitamin D synthesis

Question 2

What is the main tissue of the dermis?

Answer 2

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 3

What is the most superficial layer of the dermis?

Answer 3

papillary layer

Question 4

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

Answer 4

the epidermis

Question 5

What is the deepest layer?

Answer 5

stratum basale

Question 6

What does melanocytes do?

Answer 6

secrete the brown pigment melanin

Question 7

Stratum lucidum is only found in?

Answer 7

the thick skin of palms, soles, and digits

Question 8

what does the dermis consist of?

Answer 8

an upper papillary layer and a deeper reticular layer

Question 9

What are the two type of touch receptors that can easily be seen in microscopic sections?

Answer 9

Meissner corpuscles and the pacinian corpuscles

Question 10

Where does the hair originates from?

Answer 10

the dermal papilla

Question 11

The deepest part of the hair is know as the…

Answer 11

hair bulb

Question 12

The hair is pushed superficially and forms the

Answer 12

hair root

Question 13

Once the hair erupts from the skin it is known as the…

Answer 13

hair shaft

Question 14

The hair is enclosed by the…

Answer 14

hair follicle

Question 15

What is the Arrector pili muscle made of?

Answer 15

smooth muscle and the sebaceous gland

Question 16

What two layers make up the skin?

Answer 16

the epidermis and the dermis

Question 17

What is the epidermis composed of?

Answer 17

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue

Question 18

What does keratinocytes produce?

Answer 18

protein keratin

Question 19

What are the other cells of the epidermis?

Answer 19

dendritic (Langerhans), melanocytes, and touch receptors (Merkel cells, tactile cells, or taticle discs)

Question 20

What is Keratin?

Answer 20

an intercellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties

Question 21

What does the dermal papillae do?

Answer 21

increase the strength of the connective between the epidermis and dermis

Question 22

Why is the stratum spinosum spiny in appearance?

Answer 22

due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via desmosome

Question 23

Stratum basale attaches the epidermis to the…

Answer 23

basal lamina

Question 24

What does Desmosomes do?

Answer 24

interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells

Question 25

What does keratinocytes do in the stratum spinosum?

Answer 25

begin the synthesis of keratin

Question 26

Why does the stratum granulosum have a grainy appearance?

Answer 26

due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they pushed from the stratum spinosum

Question 27

Where is the stratum lucidum located?

Answer 27

just above the stratum granulosum

Question 28

What does the stratum corneum layer consist of?

Answer 28

many layers of dead cells that are eventually shed

Question 29

What is the most superficial layer of epidermis?

Answer 29

Stratum Corneum

Question 30

How is the dermis different from the epidermis?

Answer 30

deeper and much thicker

Question 31

What is the papillary layer composed of?

Answer 31

primarily of loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 32

What does the reticular layer contain?

Answer 32

primarily of dense irregular connective tissue

Question 33

What does the dermis contain?

Answer 33

sensory receptors

Question 34

What are the three basic fingerprint patterns?

Answer 34

arches, loops, and whorls

Question 35

What is the ridge pattern influenced by?

Answer 35

both genetics and environment in utero

Question 36

What does the hair shaft consist of?

Answer 36

dead keratinocytes

Question 37

What does the hair root contain?

Answer 37

living keratinocytes that are continuously generated in the matrix

Question 38

The hair bulb encloses the...

Answer 38

hair pailla

Question 39

What does the hair pallia contain?

Answer 39

capillaries that nourish the dividing cells in the matrix

Question 40

What does the hair follicle consist of?

Answer 40

layers of tissue

Question 41

The inner layer is called...

Answer 41

epithelial root sheath

Question 42

The outer layer is called...

Answer 42

the dermal root sheath

Question 43

What does the arrestor pili muscle do when you are stimulated by cold or stressed?

Answer 43

contracts and the hair stands up (goosebumps)

Question 44

Where are the apocrine sweat glands primarily located?

Answer 44

the axillary, anal, and genital areas

Question 45

Where are the ceruminous glands found?

Answer 45

in the ear canal

Question 46

What is the function of Eccrine sweat glands?

Answer 46

temperature regulation

Question 47

What is function of Mammary glands?

Answer 47

Produce milk for offspring

Question 48

What are the functions of Sebaceous glands?

Answer 48

secrete sebum that keeps the hair and skin pliable

Question 49

Fingernails and toenails contain…

Answer 49

Keratinized epidermal cells