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bio- anatomy and physiology > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

protection, sensation, secretion, temp regulation and the site of vitamin D synthesis

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2
Q

What is the main tissue of the dermis?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the dermis?

A

papillary layer

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4
Q

What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

A

the epidermis

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5
Q

What is the deepest layer?

A

stratum basale

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6
Q

What does melanocytes do?

A

secrete the brown pigment melanin

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7
Q

Stratum lucidum is only found in?

A

the thick skin of palms, soles, and digits

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8
Q

what does the dermis consist of?

A

an upper papillary layer and a deeper reticular layer

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9
Q

What are the two type of touch receptors that can easily be seen in microscopic sections?

A

Meissner corpuscles and the pacinian corpuscles

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10
Q

Where does the hair originates from?

A

the dermal papilla

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11
Q

The deepest part of the hair is know as the…

A

hair bulb

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12
Q

The hair is pushed superficially and forms the

A

hair root

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13
Q

Once the hair erupts from the skin it is known as the…

A

hair shaft

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14
Q

The hair is enclosed by the…

A

hair follicle

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15
Q

What is the Arrector pili muscle made of?

A

smooth muscle and the sebaceous gland

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16
Q

What two layers make up the skin?

A

the epidermis and the dermis

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17
Q

What is the epidermis composed of?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue

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18
Q

What does keratinocytes produce?

A

protein keratin

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19
Q

What are the other cells of the epidermis?

A

dendritic (Langerhans), melanocytes, and touch receptors (Merkel cells, tactile cells, or taticle discs)

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20
Q

What is Keratin?

A

an intercellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties

21
Q

What does the dermal papillae do?

A

increase the strength of the connective between the epidermis and dermis

22
Q

Why is the stratum spinosum spiny in appearance?

A

due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via desmosome

23
Q

Stratum basale attaches the epidermis to the…

A

basal lamina

24
Q

What does Desmosomes do?

A

interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells

25
Q

What does keratinocytes do in the stratum spinosum?

A

begin the synthesis of keratin

26
Q

Why does the stratum granulosum have a grainy appearance?

A

due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they pushed from the stratum spinosum

27
Q

Where is the stratum lucidum located?

A

just above the stratum granulosum

28
Q

What does the stratum corneum layer consist of?

A

many layers of dead cells that are eventually shed

29
Q

What is the most superficial layer of epidermis?

A

Stratum Corneum

30
Q

How is the dermis different from the epidermis?

A

deeper and much thicker

31
Q

What is the papillary layer composed of?

A

primarily of loose (areolar) connective tissue

32
Q

What does the reticular layer contain?

A

primarily of dense irregular connective tissue

33
Q

What does the dermis contain?

A

sensory receptors

34
Q

What are the three basic fingerprint patterns?

A

arches, loops, and whorls

35
Q

What is the ridge pattern influenced by?

A

both genetics and environment in utero

36
Q

What does the hair shaft consist of?

A

dead keratinocytes

37
Q

What does the hair root contain?

A

living keratinocytes that are continuously generated in the matrix

38
Q

The hair bulb encloses the…

A

hair pailla

39
Q

What does the hair pallia contain?

A

capillaries that nourish the dividing cells in the matrix

40
Q

What does the hair follicle consist of?

A

layers of tissue

41
Q

The inner layer is called…

A

epithelial root sheath

42
Q

The outer layer is called…

A

the dermal root sheath

43
Q

What does the arrestor pili muscle do when you are stimulated by cold or stressed?

A

contracts and the hair stands up (goosebumps)

44
Q

Where are the apocrine sweat glands primarily located?

A

the axillary, anal, and genital areas

45
Q

Where are the ceruminous glands found?

A

in the ear canal

46
Q

What is the function of Eccrine sweat glands?

A

temperature regulation

47
Q

What is function of Mammary glands?

A

Produce milk for offspring

48
Q

What are the functions of Sebaceous glands?

A

secrete sebum that keeps the hair and skin pliable

49
Q

Fingernails and toenails contain…

A

Keratinized epidermal cells

bio- anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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