Integumentary system Flashcards
What are the functions of the skin?
protection, sensation, secretion, temp regulation and the site of vitamin D synthesis
What is the main tissue of the dermis?
dense irregular connective tissue
What is the most superficial layer of the dermis?
papillary layer
What is the most superficial layer of the skin?
the epidermis
What is the deepest layer?
stratum basale
What does melanocytes do?
secrete the brown pigment melanin
Stratum lucidum is only found in?
the thick skin of palms, soles, and digits
what does the dermis consist of?
an upper papillary layer and a deeper reticular layer
What are the two type of touch receptors that can easily be seen in microscopic sections?
Meissner corpuscles and the pacinian corpuscles
Where does the hair originates from?
the dermal papilla
The deepest part of the hair is know as the…
hair bulb
The hair is pushed superficially and forms the
hair root
Once the hair erupts from the skin it is known as the…
hair shaft
The hair is enclosed by the…
hair follicle
What is the Arrector pili muscle made of?
smooth muscle and the sebaceous gland
What two layers make up the skin?
the epidermis and the dermis
What is the epidermis composed of?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue
What does keratinocytes produce?
protein keratin
What are the other cells of the epidermis?
dendritic (Langerhans), melanocytes, and touch receptors (Merkel cells, tactile cells, or taticle discs)
What is Keratin?
an intercellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties
What does the dermal papillae do?
increase the strength of the connective between the epidermis and dermis
Why is the stratum spinosum spiny in appearance?
due to the protruding cell processes that join the cells via desmosome
Stratum basale attaches the epidermis to the…
basal lamina
What does Desmosomes do?
interlock with each other and strengthen the bond between the cells
What does keratinocytes do in the stratum spinosum?
begin the synthesis of keratin
Why does the stratum granulosum have a grainy appearance?
due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they pushed from the stratum spinosum
Where is the stratum lucidum located?
just above the stratum granulosum
What does the stratum corneum layer consist of?
many layers of dead cells that are eventually shed
What is the most superficial layer of epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
How is the dermis different from the epidermis?
deeper and much thicker
What is the papillary layer composed of?
primarily of loose (areolar) connective tissue
What does the reticular layer contain?
primarily of dense irregular connective tissue
What does the dermis contain?
sensory receptors
What are the three basic fingerprint patterns?
arches, loops, and whorls
What is the ridge pattern influenced by?
both genetics and environment in utero
What does the hair shaft consist of?
dead keratinocytes
What does the hair root contain?
living keratinocytes that are continuously generated in the matrix
The hair bulb encloses the…
hair pailla
What does the hair pallia contain?
capillaries that nourish the dividing cells in the matrix
What does the hair follicle consist of?
layers of tissue
The inner layer is called…
epithelial root sheath
The outer layer is called…
the dermal root sheath
What does the arrestor pili muscle do when you are stimulated by cold or stressed?
contracts and the hair stands up (goosebumps)
Where are the apocrine sweat glands primarily located?
the axillary, anal, and genital areas
Where are the ceruminous glands found?
in the ear canal
What is the function of Eccrine sweat glands?
temperature regulation
What is function of Mammary glands?
Produce milk for offspring
What are the functions of Sebaceous glands?
secrete sebum that keeps the hair and skin pliable
Fingernails and toenails contain…
Keratinized epidermal cells
