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Psych 320 Exam 3 > Study guide cards > Flashcards

Study guide cards Flashcards

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1
Q

How does puberty influence identity development?

A

Adolescents are changing dramatically on the outside, they understandably have questions about changes that are taking place on the inside

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2
Q

What are possible selves?

A

The various identities an adolescent might imagine for him or herself

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3
Q

What do possible selves stimulate?

A

heightened self-consciousness and experimentation with different identities

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4
Q

What is the term for “the extent to which an individual is able to and inclind to think about the potential consequences of decisions and choices”?

A

Future orientation

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5
Q

Teens who have a stronger future orientation have…?

A
  • better mental health
  • less risky behavior
  • less delinquency
  • less impulsive behavior
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6
Q

What is the term for “The collection of traits and attributes that individuals use to describe or characterize themselves”?

A

self-conceptions

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7
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

The degree to which individuals feel positively or negatively about themselves

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8
Q

What is sense of identity?

A

The extent to which individuals feel secure about who they are and who they are becoming

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9
Q

What is differentiation in teens?

A

when teens are more likely to describe what they are like in different situations rather than overall generalization

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10
Q

How is organization in adolescence?

A
  • Teens are likely to organize and integrate different aspects of their self-concept into a more logical, coherent whole
  • Teens will attempt to group what appear to be discrepant bits of info into more highly organized statements
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11
Q

What is false-self behavior?

A

Behavior that intentionally presents a false impression to others

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12
Q

when do teens engage in false-self behavior?

A
  • Teens are most likely to behave inauthentically in romantic situations and with classmates
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13
Q

Teens who report less emotional support from parents and peers have low…..

A

self-esteem

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14
Q

What are is the 5 factor model of personality?

A
  • extraversion
    -agreeableness
  • conscientious
  • neuroticism
  • openness to experience
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15
Q

What does neurotism refer to?

A

how anxious or tense a person is

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16
Q

What is the term for when teens worry about their self-image?

A

self-consciousness

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17
Q

What is self-image stability?

A

how much teens self-image changes from day to day

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18
Q

What race has a higher self-esteem?

A

black girls have a higher self-esteem and less of a decline in self-esteem over adolescence

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19
Q

What is autonomy?

A

The psychological domain concerning the development and expression of independence

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20
Q

What does puberty have to do with autonomy?

A
  • Triggers changes in young person’s emotional relationships are home
  • Turns away from emotional support from parents towards peers
  • Drives teen away from exclusive emotional dependence on the family
  • Changes in stature and physical appearance at puberty may provoke changes in how much autonomy the young person is granted by parents and teachers
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21
Q

What are the associations between cognitive change and the development of autonomy?

A

Important prerequisites to the development of a system of values based on one’s own sense of right and wrong, not just on rules and regulations handed down by parents or other authority figures

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22
Q

How do social roles influence the development of autonomy?

A
  • Social roles and activities during adolescence are bound to raise concerns related to independence, as the teen moves into new positions that demand increasing degrees of responsibility and self-reliance
  • New roles place the teen in situations that require and stimulate the independent decision making
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23
Q

What are the 3 types of autonomy?

A
  • emotional
  • behavioral
  • cognitive
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24
Q

What is emotional autonomy?

A

The establishment of more adultlike and less childish close relationships with family members and peers

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25
Q

What is behavioral autonomy?

A

The capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them

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26
Q

What is cognitive autonomy?

A

The establishment of an independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs

27
Q

What is detachment?

A

In psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures

28
Q

What is individuation?

A

The progressive sharpening of an individual’s sense of being an autonomous, independent person

29
Q

When does individuation begin?

A

during infancy and continues into late adolescence, involves a gradual, progressive sharpening of one’s sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one’s parents

30
Q

How does the parent-child relationship change during individuation ?

A

It entails relinquishing childish dependencies on parents in favor of a more mature, more responsible, and less dependent relationship

31
Q

Teens who establish a healthy sense of autonomy accept what…

A

responsibility for their choices and actions

32
Q

Why is maintaining relationships with parents important when being autonomous?

A

it makes you psychologically healthier

33
Q

What are the two general processes of individuation?

A

-puberty is the main catalyst
- stimulated by their cognitive development

34
Q

Why do people think that puberty is the main catalyst of individuation ?

A

Changes in physical appearance provoke changes in the way that adolescents are viewed which provokes changes in ways they interact with parents

35
Q

Why do others believe that individuation is stimulated by their cognitive development?

A

The development of emotional autonomy in adolescence may be provoked by young people’s development of more sophisticated understandings of themselves and their parents

36
Q

What is psychological control?

A

Parenting that attempts to control the adolescents emotions and opinions

37
Q

What does psychological control lead to?

A
  • Children who have difficulty individuating from them
  • Have depression, anxiety, aggression, and feelings of incompetence and dependence
  • Less psychologically mature and well-like during mid-adolescence
38
Q

What do enhanced role-taking capabilities permit individuals to do?

A

Permits teens to consider another person’s opinion while taking into account that person’s point of view

39
Q

How do the new decision-making abilities change teens?

A

Teens become more likely to consider both the risks and benefits associated with the decisions they make and more likely to weigh the long-term consequences of their choices

40
Q

T or F: development varies across the cultures

A

true

41
Q

which race has earlier expectations for adolescent autonomy?

A

white indiviudals

42
Q

What is increased autonomy strongly assoicated with emotion wise?

A
  • better emotional functioning among american youth
43
Q

What is the first trend in cognitive autonomy development?

A

Adolescents become increasingly abstract in the way they think about moral, political, and religious issues

44
Q

What is the 2nd trend in cognitive autonomy development?

A

During adolescence, beliefs become increasingly rooted in general principles

45
Q

What is the 3rd trend in cognitive autonomy development?

A

Beliefs become increasingly founded in the young person’s own values, not merely in a system of values passed on by their parents or other authority figures

46
Q

What is prosocial behavior?

A

Behaviors intended to help others

47
Q

What does moral reasoning emphasize?

A

shifts in the type of reasoning that individuals use in making moral decisions rather than changes in the content of the decisions they reach or the actions they take as a result

48
Q

What are the 3 stages of moral reasoning?

A
  • pre conventional
  • conventional
    post-conventional
49
Q

What is preconventional moral reasoning

A
  • Typical of children and is characterized by reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments associated with different courses of action
50
Q

When is preconventional moral reasoning the most dominant?

A

early childhood
-1st level

51
Q

What is the 2nd level to moral reasoning?

A

Conventional moral reasoning

52
Q

What is the conventional moral reasoning?

A

Characterized by reasoning that is based on the rules and conventions of society

53
Q

When does the conventional moral reasoning occur?

A

late childhood and early adolesc

54
Q

What is the last moral reasoning ?

A

Postconventional

55
Q

what is psotconventional moral reasoning?

A

During which society’s rules and conventions are seen as relative and subjective rather than as authoritative

56
Q

Who is more prosocial girls or boys?

A

girls
because parents emphasize more time teaching them it

57
Q

What is civic engagement?

A
  • involvement in political and community affairs
  • Participation in conventional and alternative political activities
  • Engaging in community service
58
Q

What is service learning?

A

The process of learning through involvement in community service

59
Q

What are some changes in political thinking?

A
  • Becomes more abstract
  • Political thinking during adolescence becomes less authoritarian and less rigid
  • People often develop a roughly coherent and consistent set of attitudes that does not appear before this age and that is based on a set of overarching principle
60
Q

What is religiosity?

A

-The degree to which one engages in religious practices

61
Q

What is spirituality ?

A

The degree to which one places importance on the quest for answers to questions about God and the meaning of life

62
Q

What is more important for identity development? (religiosity or spirituality)

A

Religiosity because it involves identification with a particular religious group

63
Q

Teens who are more religious tend to be more?

A
  • adjusted
    -less depressed
  • Less likely to have premarital sex
  • Less likely to use drugs
  • Less likely to engage in delinquency
64
Q
A

Psych 320 Exam 3 (8 decks)

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