Achievement & Motivation Flashcards
What is the term for the extent to which an individual strives for success?
achievement motivation
What is delay gratification?
the ability to wait longer to get a larger, better, or more valuable reward instead of a less attractive one available immediately
What is success influenced by in college entry?
Conscientiousness & intelligence
What can create mental health problems in affluent teens?
parents criticism when expectations are not achieved
What are students whose grades are far lower than one would expect based on their IQ?
underachievers
What is the yerkes- Dodson law?
a phenomenon in which a small amount of anxiety improves performance by increasing concentration
What can impair performance as a result of boredom?
insufficient anxiety
What can impair performance as a result of stress?
excessive anxiety
What are self-handicapping strategies?
deliberately behaving in ways that will likely interfere with doing well in order to have an excuse for failing
What do boys who self-handicap tend to attribute poor performance to?
Lack of effort
What do girls who self-handicap tend to attribute poor performance to?
emotional problems
What is the mastery motivation?
motivation to succeed based on the pleasure one will experience from mastering a task
What are performance motivation?
motivation to succeed based on the rewards one will recieve from successful performance?
What type of orientation results in better performance in school? (mastery / performance)
mastery
What do parents emphasize in performance motivation?
giving rewards to teens for good grades
when parents use performance motivation how do students do in school?
less likely to do well
What do parents emphasize in mastery motivation?
emphasize autonomy with teens and provide a cognitively stimulating home environment
Parents who use matery motivation have kids who do….
better than in the other motivation
What is stereotype threat?
the harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance
What is self-efficacy?
the sense that an individual has some control over their life
what is the growth mindset?
believing that intelligence is malleable and can be grown over time
What are students who believe in fixed intelligence affected by?
self-efficacy, and they tend to be orientated toward their performance
What do teachers who are performance orientated bring out in students?
- more insecure about their abilities
- more hesitant to challenge themselves
- less likely to ask questions
- more alienated from school
- more engagement in self-handicapping behavior
What are achievement attributions?
the beliefs individuals hold about the causes of their successes and failures
What are the 4 factors that individuals attribute their performance to ?
- ability
- effort
- task difficulty
- luck
What students are more likely to make external attributions?
those who are high in performance motivation
t or f: students who attribute their failure to factors they cannot change are more likely to feel helpless and exert less effort in similar situations.
true
