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Pharmacology > Study Guide - Bacterial Coverage > Flashcards

Study Guide - Bacterial Coverage Flashcards

1
Q

Focused Gram Positive Coverage

A

1st generation cephalosporins
Antistaphylococcal penicillins
clindamycin
vancomycin

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2
Q

Focused Gram Negative Coverage

A

3rd generation cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
aztreonam
quinolones

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3
Q

Excellent Anaerobic Coverage

A 
2nd generation cephalosporins
B-lactamase inhibitor combos
carbapenems
clindamycin
metronidazole
tigecycline
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4
Q

Broad Spectrum Therapy

A

B-lactamase inhibitor combos
carbapenems
tigecycline
cefipime (no anaerobic coverage)

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5
Q

Atypical Pathogens

A

macrolides
quinolones
tetracyclines

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6
Q

Pseudomonal Coverage

A

aminoglycosides
antipseudomonal penicillins
aztreonam
cefipime –4th generation cephalosporins
ceftazidime (Fortaz) –3rd generation cephalosporins
ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

MRSA - inpatient therapy

A

*vancomycin

linezolid (Zyvox)

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8
Q

MRSA - community acquired

A 
Bactrim
clindamycin
minocycline or doxycycline
linezolid (Zyvox)
rifampin
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9
Q

Treat Clostridium difficile Diarrhea

A 
metronidazole (mild to moderate)
oral vancomycin (severe or resistant)
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10
Q

Genital Herpes

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir

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11
Q

Systemic Fungal Infections

A

amphoteracin B & others

fluconazole & other “azoles”

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12
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

Bactrim
quinolones
nitrofurantoin

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13
Q

Prostate Infections

A

Bactrim

quinolones

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

doxycycline x 7 days

azithromycin x 1 dose

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15
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

A

cefotetan or cefoxitin + doxycycline
clindamycin + gentamicin + doxycycline
ceftriaxone + doxycycline ± metronidazole

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16
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

metronidazole

clindamycin

17
Q

Gonorrhea

A

**ceftriaxone (Rocephin) IM x 1
azithromycin if severe cephalosporin allergy
PLUS chlamydial coverage

18
Q

Acne

A

tetracyclines
topical clindamycin
topical macrolides

19
Q

Group A Strep Throat (strep pyogenes)

A

benzathine PCN G IM x 1 or oral PCN x 10 days
amoxicillin
macrolides if allergic to PCN

20
Q

Acute Sinusitis

A

**amoxicillin x 10 – 14 days
*Bactrim
2nd gen cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefaclor)
3rd gen cephalosporins (cefpodoxime, cefixime)
doxycycline
macrolides
moxifloxacin
levofloxacin

21
Q

Otitis Media

A

**amoxicillin x 10 days
erythromycin / sulfisoxazole
macrolides
2nd gen cephalosporins (cefuroxime, cefaclor)
3rd gen cephalosporins (cefpodoxime, cefixime)

22
Q

Community Acquired Pneumonia (outpatient)

A

doxycycline
macrolides
quinolones (levofloxacin, moxifloxacin)

23
Q

Community Acquired Pneumonia (inpatient)

A

add ceftriaxone or cefotaxime to CAP therapy

24
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A 
add clindamycin to CAP therapy
add metronidazole to CAP therapy
amoxicillin / clavulanate
     if very ill…
carbapenems
piperacillin/tazobactam
ticarcillin/clavulanate
25
Q

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

A

ceftriaxone
levofloxacin
moxifloxacin

26
Q

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

multi-drug resistant

A 
piperacillin/tazobactam
cefepime
carbapenem
     \+ gentamicin
     \+ vancomycin if suspect MRSA
27
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (newborn - 1 month)

A

ampicillin + gentamicin
ampicillin + cefotaxime
ampicillin + ceftriaxone

28
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (1 month - 60 years old)

A

cefotaxime ± vancomycin

ceftriaxone ± vancomycin

29
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (>60 years old)

A

ampicillin + cefotaxime ± vancomycin

ampicillin + ceftriaxone ± vancomycin

30
Q

Surgical Prophylaxis

A

most procedures: cefazolin

abdominal procedures: cefotetan or cefoxitin

31
Q

Infective Endocarditis (cultures pending)

A

vancomycin + ceftriaxone ± gentamicin

32
Q

Intra-Abdominal Infections

A 
cefotetan
ampicillin/sulbactam
clindamycin (…won’t cover gm negatives)
carbapenems
ticarcillin/clavulanate
metronidazole
     above ± gentamicin or quinolone

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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