Study Guide

Question 1

The institutions through which a land and it’s people are ruled

Answer 1

Government

Question 2

Conflict and cooperation over the leadership, structure, and policies of government

Answer 2

Politics

Question 3

All political behavior has a purpose

Answer 3

Rationality principle

Question 4

A set of formal rules and procedures, often administered by a bureaucracy that shapes politics and governace.

Answer 4

Institution

Question 5

Any form of organized social or political act carried about by a group of people in order to address their needs.

Answer 5

Collective action

Question 6

People or entities that benefit from the actions of others without contributing

Answer 6

Free-riding

Question 7

How we got here matters

Answer 7

History principle

Question 8

The United States’ first written constitution, Adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777, which were the formal basis for America’s national government until 1789, when they were superseded by the Constitution.

Answer 8

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

Question 9

Small farmers rebelled against taxation.

Answer 9

Shay’s Rebellion

Question 10

Revise or scrap the art. of con., national power versus state power, extent of democracy, slavery
answer: Great compromise and three-fifths compromise

Answer 10

Constituational Convention

Question 11

An agreement reached at the constitutional convention of 1787 that gave each state an equal number of senators regardless of the size of its population, but linked the represntatives to population size.

Answer 11

Great Compromise

Question 12

An agreement reached at the consitutional convention of 1787. Stating that for the purpose of distrubuting congressional seats on the basis of state populations, only three-fifths of enslabed people would be counted.

Answer 12

Thee-fifths compromise

Question 13

A legislative body composed of two chambers, or houses

Answer 13

Bicameral legislature

Question 14

Powers that are specifically stated in the Constitution and are granted to the national government.

Answer 14

Expressed powers

Question 15

The last paragraph of Article 1, section 8, which gives Congress the power to make all laws needed to exercise the powers listed in Section 8. Also called the elastic clause.

Answer 15

Necessary and proper clause

Question 16

The division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision-making.

Answer 16

Separation of powers

Question 17

The system of government in which a constitution divides power between a central government and regional governments.

Answer 17

Federalism

Question 18

The first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution adopted in 1791. This ensures certain rights and liberties to the people.

Answer 18

Bill of Rights

Question 19

Those who gavored a strong national government and supported the constitution prosed at the constitutional convention of 1781.

Answer 19

Federalists

Question 20

Those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government and who were opponents of the constitution proposed at the constitutional convention of 1787

Answer 20

Antifederalists

Question 21

A principle under which all persons, institutions, and entities are accountable to laws that are: Publicly promulgated. Equally enforced. Independently adjudicated.

Answer 21

Rule of law

Question 22

The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

Answer 22

Civil disobedience

Question 23

The potential of a majority to monopolize power for its own gain to the detriment of minority rights and interests.

Answer 23

Tyranny of the majority

Question 24

The system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937, in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments, with the states exercising the most important powers.

Answer 24

Dual federalism

Question 25

discourages local law enforcement from reporting the immigration status of individuals unless it involves investigation of a serious crime.

Answer 25

Sanctuary cities

Question 26

The principle that states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government was most popular before the Civil War.

Answer 26

States rights

Question 27

The condition in American government in which one party controls the presidency, while the opposing party controls one or both houses of congress.

Answer 27

Divided government

Question 28

Rights that are not specifically written in the Constitution may be retained by the people

Answer 28

9th amendment

Question 29

The first amendment clause that says “congress shall make no law respecting on establishment of religion.”

Answer 29

Establishment clause

Question 30

The first amendment clause that protects the right of citizens to belive and practice whatever religion they choose.

Answer 30

Free exercise clause

Question 31

A rule, articulated in Lemon v. Kurtzman, that says governmental action with respect to religion is permissible if it is secular in purpose, does not lead to “excessive entanglement” of government with religion. The lemon test is generally used in relation to government to aid religious schools.

Answer 31

Lemon test

Question 32

A written statement made in “reckless disregard of the truth” and considered damaging to a victim because it is “malicious, scandalous, and defamatory.”

Answer 32

Libel

Question 33

An oral statement made in “reckless disregard of the truth” and considered damaging to a victim because it is “malicious, scandalous, and defamatory.”

Answer 33

Slander

Question 34

The requirement that citizens be treated according to the law and be provided adequate protection for individual rights

Answer 34

Due process

Question 35

A jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial. Grand juries do not rule on the accused’s guilt or innocence.

Answer 35

Grand jury

Question 36

The requirement that courts exclude evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment

Answer 36

Exclusionary rule

Question 37

The requirement, derived from the supreme courts 1966 ruling in Miranda v. Arizona, that persons under arrest must be informed of their legal rights, including the right to counsel, before undergoing police interrogation.

Answer 37

Miranda rule

Question 38

The provision of the fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing citizens the “equal protection of the laws.” This clase has served as the basis for the civil rights of African Americans, woman, and other groups.

Answer 38

equal protection clause

Question 39

A policy or program designed to correct historical injustices committed against specific groups by making special efforts to provide members of these groups with access to educational and employment opportunities

Answer 39

affirmative action

Question 40

Legislators who vote according to the preferences of their constituents

Answer 40

Delegates

Question 41

Education act- gender, sports teams

Answer 41

Title 9

Question 41

Legislators who vote according to what they think is best for their constituents.

Answer 41

Trustees

Question 42

Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy

Answer 42

De jure segregation

Question 43

Racial segregation that is not a direct result of law or government policy but a reflection of residential patterns, income distributions, or other social factors.

Answer 43

De facto segregation