Study Guide 1 Note Cards

Question 1

Roots of Public Health Nursing

Answer 1

• Early civilizations used herbs & home remedies
• Before 1800’s the housholds & community were responsible for providing healthcare & money for those who were ill
• Hospitals were established in 1800s
• Reforms & new systems were developed after

Question 2

Lemuel Shattuck

KNOW THIS

Answer 2

Massachusetts sanitary commission
* Saw the sewage problems were leading to health conditions & disabilities

Question 3

Dorthea Dix

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Answer 3

Worked to improve quality of life & care for mentally ill patients

• Created the movement to improve the life of the mentally ill (provide better care for mental health & asylum patients)
• Funds to establish the 1st hospital for mentally ill patients

Question 4

Florence Nightingale

Answer 4

MOTHER OF NURSING

• Prevention of infections with improved sanitary conditions
• Improved environmental conditions
• Opened first school of nursing (1860) at St. Thomas Hospital in London

Question 5

Mary Breckinridge

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Answer 5

Formed the Frontier Nursing Service to provide access to healthcare in rural communities (remote Appalachian regions of southeastern Kentucky)

• Reduce maternal & infant mortality
• Established rural healthcare (southeastern Kentucky in Appalachian regions)
• Improve health of children

Question 6

What are the 3 major changes that have occured to bring aobut change to 21st century healthcare?

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Answer 6

1.) Development of patient-centered care
2.) Increased use of technology
3.) Increased personal responsibility / autonomy

Question 7

What is the difference in case management & care managment?

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Answer 7

• Case Management - ensures patients receive all the resources they need
• Care Management - ensures the patients get the care they need

Question 8

What does it mean that “nurses focus on modifiable risks”?

Answer 8

Nurses focus on risks that can be changed as these risk factors may make a patient more susceptible to something else like disease, immobility, even death, etc.

Question 9

What is patient-centered care?

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Answer 9

A broader range of outcomes need to be measured from the patient’s perspective to understand the true benefits & risk of healthcare interventions

Question 10

List the social determinants of health (SDOH)?

Answer 10

• Education (access & quality)
• Health Care (access & quality)
• Neighborhood & Built Environment
• Social & Community Context
• Economic Stability

Question 11

Clara Barton

Answer 11

Red Cross

Question 12

Lillian Wald

Answer 12

Founder of public health nursing

Henry Street Settlement

Question 13

Edward Jenner

Answer 13

Father of immunology
* physician
* discovered smallpox vaccine

Question 14

Joseph Lister

Answer 14

Father of sterilization

• prevented infection after surgery
• introducted sterile technique

Question 15

List the steps in a policy making process

KNOW THE ORDER!!!!!

Answer 15

1.) Setting an agenda
2.) Policy formulation
3.) Policy adoption
4.) Policy implimentation
5.) Policy assessment
6.) Policy modification

All
Friends
Are
In
A
Mood

Question 16

What is the health belief model?

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Answer 16

A behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, & the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion

• Threat as a motivator!!!!!
• What is the likelihood a person is willing to change?

Question 17

Skinner’s Learning Model

Answer 17

Health behaviors are seen as incremental steps toward a final goal

• Model uses extrinsic or external factors for reinforcement

The nurse sets the goal & uses reinforcement positively or negatively to teach behavior. Incremental steps with rewards. The patient needs extrinsic factors to begin & intrinsic factors to continue in the long term.

Question 18

Logic Model

Answer 18

Visual representation of how a program is organized

This includes:
* activities
* resources
* short-term & immediate outcomes
* program goals

Question 19

Lois Pasteur

Answer 19

First person to propose the existance of germs

Question 20

How many tiers of competency are there in public health nursing?

Answer 20

3 tiers

Question 21

Describe the transtheoretical model in simple terms. List the stages as well

Answer 21

How ready are you to change a behavior?

Stages:
1.) Precontemplation
2.Contemplation
3.Preparation
4.Action
5.Maintenance
6.Relapse

Question 22

Which model of care helps a clinician understand how ready a person is to change?

a.) Social learning model
b.) Health belief model
c.) Transtheoretical model
d.) Theory of reasoned action

Answer 22

c.) Transtheoretical model

Question 23

Describe the following interventions:

• Upstream
• Midstream
• Downstream

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Answer 23

Upstream - policy to impact a large population
* education about the dangers of smoking

Midstream - occurs within an organization
* legislation for limitation of tobacco products

Downstream - individual level behavior approaches
* trying to stop smoking with gum or patches

Question 24

List and describe the levels of prevention

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Answer 24

• Primary - immunization & lifestyle changes to prevent disease
• Secondary - screenings to catch & treat disease early on
• Tertiary - prevent the disease from worsening