Study Guide 1 Note Cards Flashcards
Roots of Public Health Nursing
- Early civilizations used herbs & home remedies
- Before 1800’s the housholds & community were responsible for providing healthcare & money for those who were ill
- Hospitals were established in 1800s
- Reforms & new systems were developed after
Lemuel Shattuck
KNOW THIS
Massachusetts sanitary commission
* Saw the sewage problems were leading to health conditions & disabilities
Dorthea Dix
KNOW THIS!!!!
Worked to improve quality of life & care for mentally ill patients
- Created the movement to improve the life of the mentally ill (provide better care for mental health & asylum patients)
- Funds to establish the 1st hospital for mentally ill patients
Florence Nightingale
MOTHER OF NURSING
- Prevention of infections with improved sanitary conditions
- Improved environmental conditions
- Opened first school of nursing (1860) at St. Thomas Hospital in London
Mary Breckinridge
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Formed the Frontier Nursing Service to provide access to healthcare in rural communities (remote Appalachian regions of southeastern Kentucky)
- Reduce maternal & infant mortality
- Established rural healthcare (southeastern Kentucky in Appalachian regions)
- Improve health of children
What are the 3 major changes that have occured to bring aobut change to 21st century healthcare?
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1.) Development of patient-centered care
2.) Increased use of technology
3.) Increased personal responsibility / autonomy
What is the difference in case management & care managment?
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- Case Management - ensures patients receive all the resources they need
- Care Management - ensures the patients get the care they need
What does it mean that “nurses focus on modifiable risks”?
Nurses focus on risks that can be changed as these risk factors may make a patient more susceptible to something else like disease, immobility, even death, etc.
What is patient-centered care?
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A broader range of outcomes need to be measured from the patient’s perspective to understand the true benefits & risk of healthcare interventions
List the social determinants of health (SDOH)?
- Education (access & quality)
- Health Care (access & quality)
- Neighborhood & Built Environment
- Social & Community Context
- Economic Stability
Clara Barton
Red Cross
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing
Henry Street Settlement
Edward Jenner
Father of immunology
* physician
* discovered smallpox vaccine
Joseph Lister
Father of sterilization
- prevented infection after surgery
- introducted sterile technique
List the steps in a policy making process
KNOW THE ORDER!!!!!
1.) Setting an agenda
2.) Policy formulation
3.) Policy adoption
4.) Policy implimentation
5.) Policy assessment
6.) Policy modification
All
Friends
Are
In
A
Mood
What is the health belief model?
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A behavior change model that considers the severity of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of conceivable susceptibility, the benefits of taking preventive action, & the challenges that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion
- Threat as a motivator!!!!!
- What is the likelihood a person is willing to change?
Skinner’s Learning Model
Health behaviors are seen as incremental steps toward a final goal
- Model uses extrinsic or external factors for reinforcement
The nurse sets the goal & uses reinforcement positively or negatively to teach behavior. Incremental steps with rewards. The patient needs extrinsic factors to begin & intrinsic factors to continue in the long term.
Logic Model
Visual representation of how a program is organized
This includes:
* activities
* resources
* short-term & immediate outcomes
* program goals
Lois Pasteur
First person to propose the existance of germs
How many tiers of competency are there in public health nursing?
3 tiers
Describe the transtheoretical model in simple terms. List the stages as well
How ready are you to change a behavior?
Stages:
1.) Precontemplation
2.Contemplation
3.Preparation
4.Action
5.Maintenance
6.Relapse
Which model of care helps a clinician understand how ready a person is to change?
a.) Social learning model
b.) Health belief model
c.) Transtheoretical model
d.) Theory of reasoned action
c.) Transtheoretical model
Describe the following interventions:
- Upstream
- Midstream
- Downstream
KNOW THESE!!!!
Upstream - policy to impact a large population
* education about the dangers of smoking
Midstream - occurs within an organization
* legislation for limitation of tobacco products
Downstream - individual level behavior approaches
* trying to stop smoking with gum or patches
List and describe the levels of prevention
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- Primary - immunization & lifestyle changes to prevent disease
- Secondary - screenings to catch & treat disease early on
- Tertiary - prevent the disease from worsening
