study Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of an element that displays the properties of that element
Why do atoms form ions?
Atoms form ions when they gain or lose electrons so that the outer orbit shell is full. They form ions because without a full orbit shell the atoms are not stable
What does the atomic number tell us?
It indicates the number of protons in that atom
How do we find the number of neutrons in an atom?
The mass number
What are 4 pieces of information included in the Bohr-Rutherford diagram
Number of neutrons, protons, electrons and atomic number
Which way do periods go?
horizontal
Which way do families/groups go
vertical
What is the name of the elements in group 1?
The alkali metals
What is the name of the reactive elements in group 17?
The halogens
What are valence electrons?
The electrons on the outermost orb
How many valence electrons do Alkaline earth metals have?
2
How many valence electrons do noble gases have?
8
What’s the difference between an atom and an ion?
A atom are neutral(same amount of protons and neutrons) ions are charged (positive or negative
How does an atom form a positive ion?
Losing electrons will make it a positive ion
How does an atom form a negative ion?
Gaining electrons will make the ion negative
Do noble gases form ions?
No they do not form ions as there orbital shell is full
How does an ionic compound form?
When there is a compound of a metal and a nonmetal
What pieces of information are included in an ion notation?
Mass number, element symbol, atomic number
How is a molecular compound different from an ionic compound?
Molecular compound are formed between nonmetals and non-metals where ionic compounds are formed by metals and non-metals
What are ions?
Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, it is a charged atom or molecule
What are positively charged ions called?
cation
What are negatively charged ions called?
anion
Describe the properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals
Metals: high luster, solid at room temperature, malleable, react with acid, conduct electricity
Non-metals: dull, gas at room temperature, non malleable, pour conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids: can be shiny or dull, solid at room temperature, some are semiconductors when put at higher temperatures, many are toxic
What are the 5 groups on a periodic table?
Group1: Alkali metals-1 valence electron
Group2: alkaline earth metals- 2 valence electrons
Group 3-12:transition metals
Group 17: halogens- 17 valence electrons
Group 18: noble gases- 18 valence electrons
