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Science test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the spheres of the earth?

A

atmosphere- layer of gases around the earth-78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, used in respiration

Lithosphere- rocky outer shell of the earth, contains all land, mountains, terrain, ocean floors

biosphere- all regions of earth that can support biological life, can overlap with other spheres

hydrosphere- all waters liquid and solid form, rivers, lakes, oceans, rain

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2
Q

What are biotic and abiotic factors?

A

Abiotic- non-living physical chemical components for example land, soil, dirt, water, temperature

Biotic- living organisms that occupy the ecosystem for example plants, animals, bacteria, flora and fauna

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3
Q

Key biotic and abiotic factors of Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems and the effects humans have on them?

A
  1. Light availability- In both terrestrial and aquatic systems they need light as producers need it so they can grow and feed primary consumers something that. Humans partake in activities that increase erosion or stir up the bottom cloud the water and reduces light penetration making it difficult fro plants to grow
  2. Temperature- The two systems need certain temperatures to keep the living organism in there alive. Global warming mostly caused by humans is decreasing the amulet of suitable habitat for cool adapted species making it hard for them to survive.
  3. Nutrient availability- all ecosystems need nutrients in there soils to grow plants to provide energy fro primary consumers. Framing practices may increase or decrease nutrient availability making it for some part hard to grow plants-
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4
Q

What is the Energy flow of ecosystems?

A

The source of energy in nature is the sun. Radiant energy from the sun travels through empty space, in the form of light and heat. As the suns energy comes into contact with earth 30% is reflected away by the atmosphere, 19% will be absorbed by clouds, 51% gets absorbed into land/rock. 0.023% gets absorbed through photosynthesis.

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5
Q

What is Photosynthesis?

A

The process in which sun energy is converted into chemical energy Formula: carbon dioxide+water+light to oxygen+sugars. Sugars can be consumed or stored.

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6
Q

What is a producer?

A

A producer is an organism that creates its own food using photosynthesis from the suns energy. Eg. Plants

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7
Q

What are food chains?

A

A food chain is a illustration of the energy flow in a ecosystem, it shows the path of consumption starting at the lowest trophic level and proceeding into higher tropic levels

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8
Q

What are ecological pyramids?

A

ecological pyramid a representation of energy, numbers, or biomass relationships in ecosystems

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9
Q

What is Carrying capacity:?

A

the maximum population size of a particular species that a given ecosystem can sustain

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10
Q

What is competition?

A

two individuals going for the same resource: foxes and coyotes have the same prey like rabbits

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11
Q

What is Predation?

A

one individual feeds on another ex: fox feeds on rat

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12
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

Two organism benefit from one another: alligator its bird cleans his teeth as the bird gets nutrients

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13
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

One benefits the other is mutual/not bothered

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14
Q

What is paratism?

A

one individual lives on or in and feeds on a host organism ex: tick feeds on human scalp

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15
Q

What is Cellular Respirtion?

A

Cellular respiration is the process in which sugars if converted back into energy (sugar-carbon dioxide+water+energy)

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16
Q

Combustion

A

The process of burning fuel, such as oil and coal

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17
Q

Community

A

All the different populations that live together in an area

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18
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

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19
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things that interact in an area

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20
Q

Evaporation

A

The process in which molecules of a liquid absorb energy and change to the gas state

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21
Q

Food Web

A

The pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem. One of three ways in which energy moves through an ecosystem. A model of feeding relationships.

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22
Q

Habitat

A

The environment in which an organism lives

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23
Q

Host

A

An organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment fora virus or for another organism to live

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24
Q

Limiting Factors

A

Anything that restricts the number of individuals living in a population

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25
Q

Niche

A

AN organism particular role in an ecosystem, or how it make its living (what it eats, when it eats, ect.)

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26
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

process that converts nitrogen gas into a form that plants can use

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27
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host

28
Q

Population

A

organisms of one species living together in the same place at the same time

29
Q

Precipitations

A

rain, snow, hail, sleet

30
Q

Predator

A

A carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food and has adaptations that help it capture its prey

31
Q

Prey

A

An animal that the prey feeds on

32
Q

Producer

A

organism that uses the sunlight to make food

33
Q

respiration

A

A process that uses oxygen in organisms to break down simple food molecules to produce energy.

34
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms whose members can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring

35
Q

Symbiosis

A

A close relationship between two organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits

36
Q

Transpiration

A

The process in which water is lost through the plants leaves

37
Q

What is ecological success? primary? secondary?

A

It is from a disturbance like a geological event, a fire or human activity.
Primary takes peak on soil or rock where there is no life such as a volcano where secondary is a disturbance that is in an area with life but is not completely destroyed such as a forest fire. The forest growing back is an example of the secondary succession

38
Q

What is extirpated?

A

a species that no longer exists in a specific area

39
Q

What is endangered?

A

a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction

40
Q

What is threatened?

A

a species that is likely to become endangered if factors reducing its survival are not changed

41
Q

What is special concern?

A

a species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of factors

42
Q

What is an invasive species?

A

a non-native
species whose intentional or accidental introduction negatively impacts the natural environment

43
Q

What is fragmentation and sustainability.

A

Fragmentation of natural ecosystems reduces their sustainability.
Fragmentation is the dividing up of region into smaller fragments.Habitat loss and fragmentation are second to climate change

44
Q

Grasslands

A 
Provinces in Canada:
Manitoba, Sascachewan, Alberta
National Park;
Prince Albert National Park- Northern Boreal Forest
Grasslands National Park- Rolling hills in the south west
Temp:
Summer: 20-30 degrees Celsius
Winter: -12.5 degrees Celsius
Soil: chernozemic
Growing Seasons:
- May-august
Precipitation levels:
30-33cm per year
Species in food web:
Producers: grama grass
Primary consumers: grasshoppers
Secondary consumer:ferret
Tertiary consumers: ealge
Human influences on the biome:
Positive:
Made it illegal to hunt
Negative:
Humans farm the land
45
Q

What is biomass?

A

the amount of the living and the dead

46
Q

What are tropic levels?

A

the level of an organism in an ecosystem depending on its feeding position along a food chain

47
Q

What is tolerance range?

A

the abiotic conditions within which a species can survive

48
Q

What is habitat?

A

physical environment or home of the organism

49
Q

How many types of pesticides are there?

A

4

50
Q

Herbicides kill

A

plants

51
Q

insecticides kill

A

insects

52
Q

bactericides kill

A

bacteria

53
Q

fungicides kill

A

fungi

54
Q

what are benefits from Ddt?

A

low toxicity for humans
kills insects
cheap and easy

55
Q

What are problems with Ddt?

A

remains in environment for long time

56
Q

Status of Ddt

A

banned in north America in the 1970s

saves 100s of people every year

57
Q

What is Bioaccumulation?

A

The gradual build up over time of a chemical in a loving organism

58
Q

What is biomagnification?

A

The buildup of substances by successive levels in the food chain

59
Q

Where is glucose found?

A

plants and animals

60
Q

How do living organisms return carbon to the atmosphere in the carbon cycle?

A

respiration and photosynthesis

61
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

the movement of water on, above, or below the surface of the earth. liquid water evaporates which moves it through the atmosphere and eventually condenses making clouds. this them returns to the ground by hail, rain, or snow.

62
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A

the biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is cycled through the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Carbon is cycled through photosynthesis and cellular reparation

63
Q

What is the Nitrogen cycle?

A

the series of processes

in which nitrogen compounds are moved through the biotic and abiotic environment

64
Q

What is a decomposer?

A

organisms that benefit an ecosystem by returning nutrients to the soil.

65
Q

What is a energy pyramid?

A

A diagram that shows the amount fo energy that moves from one trophic level tot he other. As you move higher in your energy web energy decreases.The greatest amount of energy in in the bottom level.

66
Q

exponential growth

A

if a population has a constant birth rate through time and is not limited with food or disease it is exponential growth.

Science (6 decks)

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