Studies

Question 1

Peterson & Peterson 1959

Answer 1

×Is rehearsal necessary to hold information in LTS
×Given sets of three letters to remember
×Court Backwards in threes
×To prevent rehearsal
×Participants forgot all information after 18 seconds
×We cannot hold information in the short term unless we rehearse it.

Question 2

Murdock 1962

Answer 2

×Provide evidence to support the MSM
×Participants had to learn a list of words
×They had two seconds to learn each word
×The words at the end of the list were recalled first (recency effect)
×Words at the beginning of the list were recalled well (primacy effect)
×This provides evidence for for Short Term and Long Term
×Primary-Long Term Store
×Recency-Short Term Store

Question 3

Bartlett 1932

Answer 3

×To see if when people remember something unfamiliar they alter the information
×Given story War of The Ghosts
×They were asked to recall the story as accurately as possible
×The retelling was repeated over several weeks
×The participants struggled with the parts of the story concerned with Ghosts and Spirits
×They changes things like knifes to guns to suit their culture
×Our memory is influenced by our own beliefs

Question 4

Wynn & Logie 1998

Answer 4

×To see if recalling familiar stories changed over time
×Asked Uni students to recall details of the first week of Uni
×They were asked to recall this throughout the year
×The accuracy of their descriptions remained the same no matter how many times they recalled them
×Unlike Bartlett whose participants changed the story over time
×Recall for unfamiliar events will not change over time

Question 5

Craik & Lockhart

Answer 5

×To see if the type of question asked about words affects the words recalled
×They were given yes /no questions they had answer.
×Some questions required Structural Processing (eg Is this word is lower case? )
×Some required Phonetic Processing (eg what does this rhyme with?)
×Some required Semantic Processing (is this word an animal?)
×They were then given a long list and asked which they did questions on
×They identified 70% of semantic
×35% of phonetic
×15% of structural
×More deeply information is processed the more likely it is to be remembered