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HUBS191 > Stucture of the skeleton > Flashcards

Stucture of the skeleton Flashcards

Lecture 3

1
Q

What are the five functions of the skeleton

A

-Support
-Movement
-Protection
-Storage
-Red blood cell formation

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2
Q

What is the frame that all muscles are hanging onto

A

Skeleton

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3
Q

What allows us to stay upright

A

Skeleton

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4
Q

What forms the red blood cells

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

What are the two types of bones

A

Compact and Cancellous bone

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6
Q

Describe the compact bone

A

It is good at transmitting force in one direction, being that it is strong and smooth

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7
Q

Why is it important that the femur bone is a compact bone?

A

The femur takes the weight of the upper body and since it has force running down on it all the time, the compact bone helps with that, moving our weight in one direction

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8
Q

Describe the cancellous bone

A

It is made up of spongy, porous tissue that cross over one another. It absorbs shock from different directions due to its net-like structure and is less stronger than the compact bone.

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9
Q

What are four bone classes?

A
  • Long bones
    -Short bones
    -Flat bones
    -Irregular bones
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10
Q

Describe long bones

A

They are narrow with wider ends and have a cylindrical shape called diaphysis. They act as levers for movement.

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11
Q

What is the diaphysis made out of

A

Compact bone

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11
Q

What is the medullar cavity?

A

It is the hollow inside of a long bone, filled with either red or yellow marrow.

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12
Q

Describe short bones

A

Short bones are mostly made out of cancellous bones, with little compact bone only on the outside part. It is close to equal width and length and is weight bearing.

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13
Q

Why are short bones cancellous bones?

A

Short bones have to be cancellous bones to take the shock that our body has to deal with.

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14
Q

Describe flat bones

A

Flat bones are often in the body to provide a large surface area for muscle attachment. It protects organs, and muscles grab onto this bone. It does not have to be completely flat.

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15
Q

What kind of bones encases our brain?

A

Flat bones

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16
Q

Describe irregular bones

A

Irregular bones provide multiple functions at the same time, hence why they are shaped differently. They often have holes to allow other structures to pass through.

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17
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton contains the bones of the core, and protects vital organs

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18
Q

What bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum and coccyx

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19
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton are important for movement, and are the bones of the limbs.

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20
Q

What are the two divisions of the skull?

A

-Cranium vault and facial bones

21
Q

Function of the facial bones

A

Protect and support sensory organs

22
Q

Function of the cranium vault

A

It encloses the brain and protects it

23
Q

What kind of bones are facial bones?

A

Some are flat but most are irregular

24
Q

What are sutures?

A

They are immovable

25
Q

What makes us sit straight and keep head upright

A

Vertebral column

26
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column

A

-keeps the trunk straight
-supoorts head

27
Q

What are the five divisions of the vertebral column

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx

28
Q

Function of the cervical

A

Allows movement in the head

29
Q

Function of the thoracic vertebrae

A

Protects important organs like heart and lungs while being loose enough to allow movement like inhaling and breathing

30
Q

Function of the lumbar

A

It takes the weight of the body

31
Q

What is the sacrum and coccyx

A

Fused vertebrae

32
Q

Describe the upper limb bones

A

They are much more mobile and not weight bearing compared to the lower limb bones we use for walking

33
Q

What is the limb structure for humans

A

There is a large bone on the upper limb and on the distal section are smaller bones

34
Q

What do you call walking on two limbs vs four

A

Bipedalism (2)
Quadrapedalism (4)

35
Q

Why do lower limbs need stability

A

because it is taking all our weight and responsible for movement

36
Q

Why don’t upper limbs need stability

A

Because we are not walking on them, and they are adapted to the manipulation of objects and precise movements

37
Q

Why is the humerus shorter

A

Because it is not taking weight or long strides

38
Q

True of false: Forearms and wrists and really mobile

A

True!

39
Q

What is the result of the ankle joint enclosing our foot

A

Tight articulation making our ankle joint stable which limits the amount of movement on our feet

40
Q

Are carpals short bones

A

yes

41
Q

In the hand, what are the long bones

A

Metacarpals and phalanges

42
Q

What is the purpose of the girdle

A

Attaches our limbs to the axial skeleton

43
Q

Two kinds of girdle are

A

Pectoral (Shoulder) and pelvic Girdle

44
Q

What are the bones in the pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle and scapula

45
Q

What are the bones in the pelvic girdle

A

Hip bones and sacrum

46
Q

What is the purpose of the clavicle

A

It stabilises our shoulder blade

47
Q

What is the purpose of the scapula

A

Allows a lot of movement since it is not attached to the rest of the axial skeleton

48
Q

True or false: The pelvis is really weight bearing

A

True

49
Q

What is the pubic symphysis

A

Where the two hip bones join together and have very little movement for childbirth

50
Q

What are the three parts of the hip bone

A

Illium, Pubis, Ischium

51
Q

Difference between the male and female pelvis

A
  • The female pelvis is rounder and has more space, more open on the exit route/bottom and have flatter bones on the side.

HUBS191 (9 decks)

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