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HUBS191 > Joints Classification > Flashcards

Joints Classification Flashcards

lecture 6

1
Q

What are the three joint classifications?

A

Fibrous , Cartilaginous, Synovial

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2
Q

What are fibrous joints

A

Fibrous joints hold bones together by keeping them steady. They provide stability and protection

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3
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints are fibrocartilage that holds bones together and allows for a little bit of movement

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4
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Synovial joints allow the most amount of movement and different planes of movement depending on which joint it is

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5
Q

Example of fibrous joints

A

Cranial sutures

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6
Q

Example of cartilaginous joints

A

Pubic symphysis

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7
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

They are free moving and are found in most limb joints.

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7
Q

How much movement bones can do and what planes of movement that they can happen in ….

A

is determined by the joint structure and how they fit together, what the soft tissues are and where they’re located

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8
Q

Why do we need different classes of joints?

A

To prevent us from falling over and to allow us to walk and move properly, there must be different of joint classes and their functions

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9
Q

What is bony congruence

A

How much of the bone is going to touch each other (surface area of bones that will touch)

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10
Q

What are the features of the synovial joint

A
  • They have a complex association of tissues and structures
  • They have to allow both free movement and controlled movement
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11
Q

What is the difference between the bony congruence of the hip and knee joint

A

The hip joint has a high bony congruence which makes it more stable while the knee has a low bony congruence which makes it less stable unless there is more soft tissue in it.

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12
Q

Bone ends determine….

A

the range of motion at a joint

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13
Q

Describe the basic structure of a synovial joint

A

There are two bone ends with cartilage covering them. The joint capsule wraps around it, The thin layer behind the synovial membrane makes the fluid inside the space which is called the cavity.

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14
Q

Essential things in a synovial joint

A
  • There is hyaline articular cartilage at the end of the bones.
  • The joint capsule wraps around the bone to keep things in place
    -The space in between the bones is called the joint cavity
    -Cavity
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15
Q

What is the synovial membrane

A

It creates a lot of synovial fluid to fill the cavity

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16
Q

What is the smooth bone underneath the cartilage called?

A

Subchondral bone

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17
Q

Why does the bone underneath the cartilage have to be smooth

A

Because it has to move against the neighbouring bone. This ensures a smooth frictionless movement

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18
Q

The joint capsule is made out of

A

dense fibrous connective tissue which is a sheet that wraps the whole of the joint

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19
Q

Why is the dense fibrous connective tissue present

A

It won’t tear or rip or let the bones fall away from each other

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20
Q

The lining on the inside of the joint capsule is called….

A

Synovial membrane

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21
Q

What is the synovial membrane

A

it is a thin sheet of secretory cells which secrete synovial fluid which is the fluid in the joints

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22
Q

Why should there be synovial fluid in the joints

A

it is needed in the joint so that there is water or lubrication in the joint when the neighbouring cartilages rub against each other

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23
Q

Synovial fluid is not blood but…

A

it has the same nutrients as it

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23
Q

What consists of the inner layer of the joint capsule

A

Little layers of secretory cells making fluid to lubricate the joint

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24
Q

Different parts of the joint capsule will be thicker or thinner..

A

depending on where we need it and how much movement we need to have

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25
Q

What holds the bones together

A

Joint capsules

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26
Q

If the joint capsule is tight and thick

A

Less movement happens on that part of the joint

27
Q

If the joint capsule is thin and loose

A

more movement can happen on the part of the joint

28
Q

What do ligaments connect

A

Bone to bone

29
Q

What are the two types of ligaments at synovial joints

A

Capsular and Collateral ligaments

30
Q

Medial collateral ligament..

A

is on the medial side. It connects the femur to the tibia. If your leg tries to abduct, the ligament will stop it from doing so

30
Q

What are capsular ligaments?

A

They are part of the joint capsule and are continuous, very articulate located bands that sit in part of the joint capsule. They are present where more support is needed.

31
Q

What are the two kinds of collateral ligaments

A

Medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament

32
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Runs from the femur to fibula, restricts adduction where it will pull tight to stop it from happening

32
Q

What are intrascapular ligaments

A

They are inside the capsule and are separate from it. In some joints, additional bands of dense fibrous connective tissue are located internally to the capsule which hold bones together

33
Q

What are the two types of cruciate ligaments of the knee

A

anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament

34
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

A

It starts from the anterior of the tibia, runs backwards of the joint to the posterior of the femur.

35
Q

Function of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A

Restricts posterior displacement of femur. If the femur suddenly slides backwards when standing, we will fall over

36
Q

Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

A

It starts from the posterior of the tibia, runs through the middle of the joint and attaches anteriorly to the femur

37
Q

Function of the posterior cruciate ligament

A

Restricts anterior displacement of femur

38
Q

Some joints will have pads of cartilage. Why?

A

To fill in some space and to provide cushioning and shock absorption

39
Q

What are fibrocartilaginous pads

A

They are not joints. Instead, they are made out of the same tissue of the joint

40
Q

What are menisci (plural) or meniscus ( singular) in the knee?

A

Fibrocartilaginous pads that sit between the femur and the tibia

41
Q

Shape of the menisci

A

Half moon or C-shaped

42
Q

The more stable a joint is..

A

the less mobile it would be

43
Q

The more mobile a joint is…

A

the less stable it is

44
Q

In synovial joints, there is more mobility..

A

and there is less stability which is why it is easier to damage the synovial joints by just doing daily activities or sports compared to the fibrous and cartilaginous joints

45
Q

ROM is dependent on..

A

-how the bones fit together
-bone end shape
-ligament location and length
-body surface contact
-muscles and the movements they can produce

46
Q

Explain the body surface contact

A

If you flex your elbow, the number of degrees of movement you are able to move is dependent on how big your biceps are. Bigger biceps= less rom, smaller biceps = more rom

47
Q

Uniaxial

A

One axis

48
Q

Biaxial

A

Two axes

49
Q

Multiaxial

A

Many axes

49
Q

Describe the plane joint

A

Multiaxial
Sliding and Gliding joint
Flat articular surface

50
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball and Socket

51
Q

Example of plane joint

A

Intercarpal and interarsal joint

52
Q

Describe the hinge joint

A

Uniaxial
Movements are flexion and extension in the sagittal plane movements

53
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

ankle or elbow, interphalangeal joints

54
Q

Describe the pivot joint

A

Uniaxial
Movement is rotation

55
Q

Example of pivot joint

A

Radioulnar joints, C1-C2 vertebrae

56
Q

Describe the condylar joint

A

Biaxial
Flexion and extension
Can rotate when semi flexed

57
Q

Example of condylar joint

A

knee and TMJ

58
Q

Describe the Ellipsoid joint

A

Biaxial
Can flex and extend
Abduction and adduction
Therefore also circumduction
NO rotation

59
Q

Example of ellipsoid joint

A

Wrist joint

60
Q

Describe the saddle joint

A

Biaxial
Flexion and extension
Abduction and extension
Therefore also circumduction
Obligatory rotation - opposition

61
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Carpometacarpal joint (base of thumb)

62
Q

Describe the ball and socket joint

A

Multiaxial
Flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
Therefore also circumduction
Rotation

63
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

shoulder and hip

HUBS191 (9 decks)

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