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HUBS191 > Bone growth: Tissues of joints > Flashcards

Bone growth: Tissues of joints Flashcards

1
Q

When we were a fetus, we did not have bones. Instead,

A

we had a skeleton made out of cartilage.

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2
Q

When does the cartilage model start

A

6 weeks after fertilisation

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3
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

The process of turning cartilage into bone

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3
Q

Primary ossification centre

A

The diaphysis (shaft) is the primary ossification centre, which means it is the first place that turns into bone. The epiphyses remain as cartilage.

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4
Q

Secondary ossification centres

A

After the shaft of the bone is slowly developing and gaining structure, the epiphyses will be the secondary ossification centre.

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4
Q

The epiphyses is separated from the diaphysis by

A

the epiphyseal/growth plate.

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5
Q

Explain the process of secondary ossification in the epiphyses

A

Blood vessels and osteoblasts will make way in the centre of the cartilage and start turning into bone tissue. It will do that until all of the space is filled up with bone tissue. It won’t turn all of the cartilage into bone yet.

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6
Q

Bone growth in length is enabled by

A

epiphyseal plates or growth plates.

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7
Q

Appositional growth is bone growth in

A

width

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8
Q

Explain the process of appositional bone growth

A

Osteoblast activity on the outside of the bone will produce circumferential lamellae, wrapping around the bone increasing it outwards to make it wider and wider. On the inside of the medullar cavity, osteoclasts break down the bone from the inside to hollow it out more to create a balance of growth without the bone being too heavy.

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9
Q

To create a balance of bone growth without making it too heavy,

A

osteoclasts mould bone shape and form medullary cavity

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10
Q

Functions of joints

A

-Hold bones together
-Involves bone ends
-Involves soft tissues to attach
-Allows control of movement

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11
Q

DFCT

A

Dense fiber connective tissue

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12
Q

Key soft tissues

A

Cartilage and dense fiber connective tissue

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13
Q

Three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastric and fibrocartilage

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14
Q

Dense fibre connective tissue

A
  • Ligaments
    -Tendons
    -Joint Capsules
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15
Q

Ground substance is made out of

A

sticky sugar components

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15
Q

Chondro meaning

A

Related to cartilage

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15
Q

Chondrocytes …

A

sit in the lacuna just like the osteocytes do in bone. They make the extracellular matrix of the cartilage. They release components in to the environment of the cell.

16
Q

What kind of fibres are collagen fibres

A

Dense protein fibres

16
Q

How are nutrients diffused through the matrix

A

Through a process called joint loading which is where at the end of the bones there is cartilage and next to it is fluid that has nutrients to it. Each time we move, it squishes the fluid into the cartilage and gives it the nutrients that it needs

17
Q

Cartilage is a-….

A

avascular which means that there are no blood vessels present

18
Q

Meaning of hyaline

A

Clear or transparent or see through

18
Q

Function of the hyaline articular cartilage

A

Resist compression so when you push on it, it won’t crumble.

18
Q

How does the hyaline articular cartilage resist compression

A

Because of its high water content in the matrix. Lots of water molecules that are trapped in the ground substance are fantastic at resisting compression.

19
Q

Why do we have hyaline cartilage?

A

Every time we take a step, we are shifting our weight and putting more pressure on the ends of our bones. The bones will move against each other in a frictionless way and the hyaline cartilage allows it to happen. If we did not have this, the bones will wear down and the blood vessels and nerves in the bones will hurt.

19
Q

Does the hyaline articular cartilage have collagen fibres

A

It has sparse collagen fibres in random places

20
Q

Are there collagen fibres in fibrocartilage

A

There are many collagen fibres in bundles

20
Q

Function of fibrocartilage

A

Resist compression and tension

21
Q

Function of Ligaments

A
  • Connect bone to bone
    -Collagen and elastin resist tension and allow a little stretch and recoil
    -Restrict movement away from themselves
21
Q

What is the orientation of fibrocartilage

A

The orientation of fibres aligns with stresses

22
Q

Why do we need fibrocartilage

A

Fibrocartilage is useful at joints that experience both compression and tension. They act as a buffer/shock absorber that distributes force over wider area. It also deepens articular surfaces

23
Q

Qualities of DFCT

A

-Tightly packed
-Function is to resist tension
-Little vascularity
-slow to heal

24
Q

Function of tendons

A
  • Connect muscle to bone
  • Less elastin than ligaments
    -Facilitates and controls movement
    -Contraction of muscles transmitted to bone
25
Q

Bony congruence

A

Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation.

26
Q

if there is less congruence ,

A

more soft tissue support is needed

26
Q

Fibrous joints
tissue structure and function

A

Tissue: Dense fibre connective tissue
Structure: Ligament
Function: Limit movement and provide stability

27
Q

Three type of joints

A

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

28
Q

Example of fibrous joints

A

Cranial sutures and distal tibiofibular joint

28
Q

Function of cranial suture

A

Stability for skull and protects brain

29
Q

Examples of cartilaginous joints

A

Pubic symphysis and intervertebral disc

30
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones are connected entirely by fibrocartilage

30
Q

Cartilaginous joints
Tissue structure function

A

Tissue: Fibrocartilage
Structure: Varies
Function: Some movement

30
Q

Function of distal tibiofibular joint

A

Stability for ankle and prevents unwanted movements

31
Q

Synovial joints
Tissue function structure

A

Tissues: Many
Structures: Many
Function: Allow lots of movement

32
Q

Example of synovial joints

A

Most joints in appendicular skeleton

HUBS191 (9 decks)

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