stuck COPY Flashcards
suspensory ligament soft the breast?
- made from condensed connective tissue
- connect deep fascia of the breast to the dermis of the skin
- support the breast
medial quadrants of breast lypmph drained by?
parasternal lymph nodes
inferior quadrants of breast lymph drained by?
inferiorphrenic lymph nodes
what are the diastolic and systolic pressure in pulmonary circulation?
systolic = 30mmHg
diastolic = 12mmHg
what are the systolic and diastolic pressures in the aorta?
systolic = 120mmHg
diastolic = 80mmHg
what is the primary controller of coronary blood flow?
local metabolism, this is what controls the coronary artery radius.
during exercise where will the distribution of CO change to?
1- the heart (done via active hyperaemia)
2- skin (the core body temp increases, causing decreased sympathetic innervation to the skin)
what is the first order of kinetics?
occurs when a constant proportion of the drug is eliminated per unit time.
what is albumin?
- this is a plasma protein that helps to create osmotic forces
- it does this by helping to pull fluid into capillaries
- it binds to free drug
what is the Bainbridge reflex?
this is a sympathetic reflex that is a response to increased blood in the atria, causing increased heart rate and contractility, preventing the damming of the blood in veins.
what is decremental conduction?
the more frequently the AV node is stimulated, the slower it will conduct.
This prevents rapid conduction to the ventricle in cases of rapid atrial rhythms.
what is atrial fibrillation?
irregular and fast heart beat
what will the cardinal vein drain?
the trunk and head region of the embryo
what will the umbilical vein drain?
it will bring oxygenated blood from the placenta.
what will the vitelline vein drain?
the yolk sac
what are the 2 parts of the bulbis cordis?
conus cordus
trunks arteriosus
what will the conus cordis become?
the aortic vestibule and the infundibulum
what will the trunks arteriosus become?
it will divide into the pulmonary and aortic trunk.
what channel will digoxin inhibit?
Na/K ATPase
resting membrane potential can’t be restored
what are the 4 cranial veins?
1- cerebral veins
2- dural venous sinuses
3- diploic veins
4- emissary veins.
where will berry aneurysms occur?
circle of willis
anterior cerebral arteries
associated with sub-arachnoid haemorrhage
where will syphilitic aneurysms occur?
thoracic aorta
where will mycotic aneurysms occur?
they will effect the walls of arteries that have been effected by infection.
or in the brain secondary to an embolism.
describe takayasu arteritis?
pulseless disease
<30 yrs women
histologically it will have giant cells
treat with steroids.
angioma
benign tumour of blood vessel
myogenic theory?
(acute flow auto regulation)
- stretch induces vascular depolarisation of smooth muscle due to increase in arterial pressure
- limiting blood flow through vessel to prevent damage
- stretch activated calcium channels trigger contraction
what is the test for inducible ischeamia?
(test for chest pain)
- this is a test for new regional abnormalities in contractile function at peak exercise that were not present at rest.
What will a subendocardial infarct result in?
It will result in necrosis exclusively involving the inner most aspect of the myocardium.
Type 1 MI
Spontaneous MI related to ischaemia due to a primary coronary event.