STS - terms and concepts in science, technology, and society II Flashcards
the idea that _____ are created by ____ individuals who _____ by ____ ___, ____, and ____ ____
- inventions
- single
- succeeded
- sheer genius, resolve, and hard work
HEROIC THEORY OF INVENTION
late ___ century technics and technologies ___ ____ on or ____ advanced _______ or ____ knowledge
- 20th
- heavily depend
- embody
- scientific or engineering
HIGH TECHNOLOGY
a ____ scientific idea that can be ____ ____ or ____ with ____
a formulation of ____ that lends itself to a ____ , which can be ____ or ____
- testable
- proved right or wrong with experiments
- questions
- prediction
- verified or falsified
HYPOTHESIS
A question can only be used as a scientific hypothesis if?? (2)
if there is an EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH or OBSERVATIONAL STUDY that verify a prediction
a model of the __________ relationship in which the ____ ____ ___ of a _____ ____ is a joint product of the ____ of the technical changed realized and the interplay of the ____
- technical-change-ensuing-social-change
- social change outcome
- technical change
- nature
- SCES
IDUAR MODEL
technology ____ to a particular ___, ____, or ____
- native
- place
- people
- region
INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY
the ___ of a technology based on ___ and ____ labor to a technology based on the use of ____ ____ ____
occurred in ____ in the 18th-19th century
- transformation
- human and animal
- inanimate energy sources
- England
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
the continual ___ ___ of technology designed to ____ draw ____ and ____ ____ out of the ____ and fashion them into ____ for human use
- expanding application
- efficiently draw energy and raw materials
- environment
- products
INDUSTRIALIZATION
a ____ actor or ____ ____ that exercises some type of ____ on ____ or ____ activity or product or total societal enterprise
- social or government agency
- influence on scientific or technological
INFLUENCE AGENT
a ____ in some aspect of ____ or ____ activity or products or total societal enterprise brought about through some type of ____ ____
- change
- scientific or technological
- influence exercise
INFLUENCE EFFECT
any of the several ____ different types of influence on science or technology that can be exerted by an ____ ____
- qualitatively
- influence agent
INFLUENCE EXERCISE
A new ____ material, or ____ ____ or process ready for ____ use
- intellectual
- social product
- practical
INNOVATION
the process by which an innovation is ____ in a ____ ____
- disseminated
- social group
INNOVATION DIFFUSION
- the complex of ___ ___, values, and ____ & ____ institutions that enabled and fostered ____ innovation in modern ____ society
- specific dispositions
- political and economic
- technological
- Western
INNOVATION SYSTEM
the process by which ____ and ____ take on established forms of ____ and ____ in a society, thus becoming recognized as ____ ____ elements of society’s culture
- science and technology
- organization and practice
- abiding constituent
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
the application of ____ ____ and ____ ____ to increase ____
- expanding technology and labor techniques
- productivity
INTENSIFICATION
A technology resulting from taking a ____ technology through series of ____ innovations to make it more ____ but remain as ____ technology
- tradition
- modern
- productive
- appropriate
INTERMEDIATE TECHNOLOGY
a substantially ____ ____ ____ or ____ that achieves a desired result
the process of ____ and ____ testing
- original operational device or process
- conceptualization and experimental testing
INVENTION
the system of ___ factors consisting of the reigning ____ , ____ , and ____ forces and ____ of the day
- foreground
- political, economic, and social
- interests
IMMEDIATE SOCIAL SYSTEM
the science of measuring ____ , and assessing ____ of ____ and ____
- changes
- rates of movements and flow
KINETICS
referred to collectively as “Third World”
Less developed countries
activities undertaken by ____ to restrict ____ and ____ developments to serve the ____ ____
- legislatures
- scientific and technological
- public interest
LEGISLATIVE LIMITATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
a model of the innovation process that represents ____ ____ found at the bottom of ____ ____ ____ , followed in order by (3)
- technological innovation
- basic scientific research
1. development
2. production
3. marketing phases
LINEAR MODEL OF THE INNOVATION PROCESS
referring to Western Europe, North America, and Japan
More developed countries
