STS - terms and concepts in science, technology, and society III Flashcards
a philosophical position according to which there are ____ ties between the ____ and ____ sciences and share a ____ ____ ____
- close
- natural and social
- common logical framework
POSITIVISM
____ ____ aimed at resolving a claim that a product’s ____ or ____ is legally ____ for the ____ incurred by a product ____ because of some ____ or ____ in the way it is represented
- legal proceedings
- manufacturer or distributor
- responsible
- harm
- user
- defect or deficiency
PRODUCT LIABILITY LITIGATION
macromolecules made from ____ types of ____ ____, and constitute the ____ component of cells
- 20
- amino acids
- active
PROTEINS
involvement by the ____ at large or its ____ in ____ to affect scientific or technological affairs
- public
- representatives in advisory
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
to attain an ____ ____ of the natural world, including ____ and ____ phenomena
to ____ the realm of ____ ____ ____
- enhanced understanding
- human and social
- expand
- practical human possibility
PURPOSES OR FUNCTIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
the ____ theory of the ____ and ____ of atoms and ____ particles that explains the ____ of light as ____ and ____ , the ____ of chemcial ____, and ____
- physical
- composition and behaviour
- subatomic
- duality: wave and particle
- existence of chemical bonds
- radioactivity
QUANTUM MECHANICS
A process whereby practice in a ____ of human ____ proceeds decreasingly on the basis of ____ , ____ , and ____
and increasingly on the basis of ____ , ____ , ____ calculable ____ rules, and procedures
- practice in a sphere of human activity
- tradition, sentiment, and rule-of-thumb
- explicit, abstract, and intellectually calculable knowledge rules, and procedures
RATIONALIZATION
a ____ ____ mechanism whereby a government body elaborates and enforces the ____ and ____ , under which scientific and technological activities may be carried out
to ____ or ____ what is held to be the ____ ____
- social control
- terms and conditions
- protect or promote
- public interest
REGULATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
____ ____ or ____ of available means with which scientific and technological activities are ____ ____
- transformative resources or supplies
- carried out
RESOURCES FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
the dilemma often faced by ____ ____ ____ who must decide whether to ____ a technical innovation
- public decision makers
- approve
RESPONSIBILITY-FEASIBILITY DILLEMA OF MODERN INNOVATION
the general context in which scientific and technological developments should be ____ if thinking about their ____ and ____ is to be ____ and ____
- situated
- causes and consequences
- systematic and comprehensive
SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM
a phrase that refers to ____ devised for the ____ ____ and ____ of ____ ____, and for the ____ of ____ performance and policies
also called “ ____ “
- techniques
- systematic analysis and specification of work tasks
- evaluation of worker
- Taylorism
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
steps taken in the ____ process to assure the ____ , ____ , and ____ of the results
4 steps??
- research
- validity, reliability, and generalization
1. observation
2. gathering the data
3. hypothesis testing
4. analysis of data
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
an ideology claiming that ____ and ____ method alone can provide ____ knowledge and ____ of the world
it rejects any ____ ____ that ____ be explained by the scientific method
- science and scientific
- true
- understanding
- alleged truths
- cannot
SCIENTISM
a society’s ____ on S&T through ____ ____ , ____ , ____ ____ , ____ , or any other method
meaning that a ____ is better able to exercise influence than ____
- influence
- public opinion, coercion, social suggestion, religion
- group
- individuals
SOCIAL CONTROL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
the theory that apparently ____ or ____ phenomena are the outcome of ____ , ____ , and ____ social processes
- naturalistic or objective
- complex, extended, and conflictive
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
a system of ____ ____ and ____ elements
-interacting social and technical
SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEM
a group of ____ that can ____ and ____ with each other
- organisms
- interbreed
- reproduce
SPECIES
refers to individuals/groups that have an ____ on the ____ in hand
- interest
- issues
STAKEHOLDERS
____ animal and plant cells that have the ability to ____ and ____ by mitosis, and can undergo ____ and ____
- specialized
- grow and divide
- self-regeneration
- differentiation
STEM CELL
the idea of a ____ of ____ viewed with respect to possible ____ between, among them, or with the system’s ____
- complex of elements
- interaction
- environment
CONCEPT OF SYSTEM
the phenomenon of the ____ of technics on ____ ____ ____ systems for their ____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , and ____
- dependence of technics
- complex sociotechnical support
- design, production, use, operation, and maintenance
SYSTEM-EMBEDDEDNESS OF TECHNICS
the ____ analysis of systems to determine how they ____ or would ____ under certain ____ or ____
- quantitative
- behave or would behave
- conditions or assumptions
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
a tradition cultural ____ toward work, which it is done ____ and to the extent ____ to ____ a particular task
thus, ____ is conceived as ____ and ____ to irregular ____ and human processes, and rythms
- orientation
- when and to the extent required to complete
- work
- intermittent
- related to
- natural
TASK ORIENTATION TOWARD WORK
