STS - meanings of science and technology Flashcards
Science as KNOWLEDGE
- _____ and ____ ____ ___ of _____ of ___ ____
- ____ to which have been ____ from ____
- example (2)
- organized and well-founded body of knowledge of natural phenomena
- contributions to which have been derived from generations
- composition of earth, behaviour of gases
Science as SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY INTO NATURE
- refers to a ____ ___ or domain of ______ ____ in which such ___ is sought
- the _____ by which we _____ ___ with ____, ______
- the ___ we attain ____
- particular field or domain of systematic inquiry in which such knowledge is sought
- The process by which we come out with theories, frameworks
- the HOW we attain knowledge
Science as a FORM OF HUMAN CULTURAL ACTIVITY
- a _____ form of ____ _____ practiced by _____ called ____
- ____ come ____ with ____, ______, “____ _____”
- Who _____ or _____ knowledge
- Distinct form of human activity practiced by individuals called scientists
- Who come out with theories, frameworks, “new knowledge”
- Who discover or produce knowledge
Science as TOTAL SOCIETAL ENTERPRISE
- ____ of … (9)… taken as a whole as “ ____”
- Complex of
1. knowledge
2. people
3. skills
4. organizations
5. facilities
6. technics
7. physical resources
8. methods
9. technologies
…taken as a whole as “INSTITUTIONS”
Science as TOTAL SOCIETAL ENTERPRISE
devoted to the ____ and ___ of the ____ ___ including all _____ ___, ____, and ___ ____
devoted to ______ “_____” (____/___)
Devoted to the study and understanding of the natural world including all human, natural, physical and social phenomena
Devoted to producing “knowledge” [theories/frameworks]
To summarize, SCIENCE is defined as (4)
- Knowledge
- Systematic inquiry geared towards producing new knowledge
- A form of human cultural activity devoted to systematic inquiry and geared towards producing knowledge
- A societal enterprise devoted to systematic inquiry and geared towards producing knowledge
Technology as TECHNICS
- _____ products of ____-_____ or _____
- any ____ ____, once used as a ____, can be called as “____”
- when a person ____ their ____, it’s considered as ______
- Material products of human-making or fabrication
- Any fabricated material, once used as a tool, can be called as “technics”
- uses their knowledge - considered as “technics”
Technology as TECHNOLOGY
- the ____ of ?? (4) used in making a ___ ____ of ____
- process of ____ ____ (____) to ____ a _____
- complex of
1. knowledge
2. methods
3. materials
4. constituent parts
used in making a certain kind of product - Process of applying science [knowledge] to make a product
Technology as a FORM OF HUMAN CULTURAL ACTIVITY
- a ____ ___ or ___ of ____ ____
- a type of ____ in which ____ (called ____) are _____
- someone who creates a “technic” is called a ???
- A distinctive form or kind of human activity
- A type of endeavor in which individuals (technologists) are practitioners
- technologist
Technology as a SOCIETAL ENTERPRISE
- refers to the ___ ____ ___ of ___
the total societal enterprise of technology
To summarize, TECHNOLOGY is defined as (4)
- Technics [materials of human fabrication]
- The process by which technics are fabricated [as Technology]
- A form of human cultural activity devoted to the production of “technics” – or “technic” related intellectual products
- A societal enterprise devoted to the production of “technics” – or “technic”-related intellectual products
TECHNOLOGY is the ___ of ____ _____
process
creating products
SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY in science is ____, which is the means of ___ ____ ____
RESEARCH - means of creating new knowledge
WHICH of the ff is correct?
- TECHNOLOGY ——> SCIENCE
- TECHNOLOGY <—-> SCIENCE
- TECHNOLOGY <—– SCIENCE
number 2
How is technology and science interconnected specifically?
new theory/knowledge (science) -> new product/technic (technology) -> new theory/knowledge (science)
tas in circles lang
4 processes of TECHNOLOGY
- Identification of specific need, desire, and opportunity to be met, satisfied, or exploited by means of a projected technic
- Design phase
- Production phase
- Use phase
5 phases of science
- Identification of an aspect or phenomenon
- Formulation of intellectual construct – hypothesis, theory – to explain aspect or phenomenon
- Application of the construct [hypothesis, theory]
- Assessment
- Adoption or rejection of would be explanation [hypothesis, theory] in light of application and assessment
Root function (main purpose) of science
enhanced understanding of nature (world)
Root function (main purpose) of technology
to produce products that will expand human possibility/capability
SUMMARY of definitions of the 4 meanings of S&T
SCIENCE
1. Knowledge -> what people already know
2. Systematic Inquiry -> RESEARCH / KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION: knowing how to know what the world does not yet know
3. Human Cultural Activity -> People engage in KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION/RESEARCH
4. Societal Enterprise -> Enterprise/Institutions engage in KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION / RESEARCH
TECHNOLOGY
1. Technics -> Product or Human Fabrication
2. Technology -> Process/Means of developing a product
3. Human Cultural Activity -> People engage in PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
4. Societal Enterprise -> Enterprise/Institutions engage in PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
What goes hand-in-hand with S&T
S&T <-> Research and Development
