STS Flashcards
It is an organized knowledge of natural world, a human cultural activity, and a total societal enterprise.
Science
How do we define science?
Content, Method, Attitude, Goals, Language, Tools, Community, Process, and Science
Is an artifact or hardware such as tools, machines and products. A knowledge and methods. A human cultural activity or profession, and total societal enterprise. Is a system based in the application of knowledge through certain processes
Technology
What is the interconnection between science and technology?
Science is the purpose of knowing while technology is the purpose of making something useful from that knowledge
Who refered the Three Age System?
Christian Jurgensen Thomsen
What are the 3 age system?
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Is a period of weapons made of stone, wood, bone or some other materials aside from metals.
Stone Age
He subdivided Stone Age into Paleolithic and Neolithic periods.
John Lubbock
He termed the Mesolithic period.
John Allen Brown
This period is the longest phase of human history where the people are nomadic and their lifestyle is gathering and hunting foods.
Paleolithic (Old stone) Period
3 phases of Paleolithic period.
Lower Paleolithic Period
Middle Paleolithic Period
Upper Paleolithic Period
He is an archeologist and curator of the National Museum of Denmark.
Christian Jürgensen Thomsen
In stone age, humans hunted this ancient animal.
Megafauna
A transitional period between Paleolithic and Neolithic was suggested by __________.
De Mortillet
Under Paleolithic Period, this period marked the age of human evolution with the development of simple tools such as stone choppers - believed to be made all the way back to the Australopithecus and homo erectus.
Lower Paleolithic Period
Under Paleolithic Period, this period is the emergence of neanderthal man, bone needles, and religious practice.
Middle Paleolithic Period
Under Paleolithic Period, this period has homo sapiens groups. This period is known for communal hunting, extensive fishing, supernatural beliefs, cloth sewing, sculpture, painting and personal ornaments from bones, horns and ivory.
Upper Paleolithic Period
The first man-made dwellings that can be brought and reassemble anywhere.
Pit Houses
The term _______ is used to describe the more than 200 small statuettes of voluptuous female figures that have been found at Upper Paleolithic sites across Europe and some parts of Asia.
Venus Figurine
In this period, the ice age came to an end, people learned to fish along rivers and lake shores, make pottery and use a bow.
Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone)
Smaller and more delicate stone tools for spears and arrows.
Microliths
This period is the start of agriculture-based development through domestication of plants and animals.
Neolithic Period (New Stone)
This period is the introduction of metal tools where tools and weapons are made of bronze.
Bronze Age
Bronze is made of what?
88% copper and 12% tin
A naturally occuring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted through smelting.
Ores
It began when smelting pits advanced to produce higher temperatures that could smelt iron ore.
Iron Age
This period is also known as Medieval Age, the beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Age because the great civilization of Rome and Greece had been conquered.
Middle Age
It consists of the insertion of one or several small metal needles into the skin and underlying tissues at precise points on the body.
Acupuncture (China)
Feudal System, Universities, Clock/Watch, Magnetic compass, Horse-collar, Watermill and windmill, Gun powder and cannon
Europe
Information about medicine, diseases, astronomy are gathered
Solving square root and linear equations.
Medicine is nature-based, not superstitious.
Health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body and spirit.
India
An Italian navigator who completed four voyages across Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas
Christopher Columbus
Pyramids, Mayan houses Sculptures
Cocoa beans as monetary units
Solar calendar
Positions of different heavenly bodies.
Pre-columbian America (Mayan)
Farming (chili and avocado were widely cultivated)
Wood clothes
Decimal counting system
Calendar
Pre-columbian America (Incas)
This period refers to the scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical changes in scientific inquiries..
It replaced a Greek view of nature which was more philosophical than empirical.
Scientific Revolution
This model was discovered by Nicholas Copernicus. It describes the sun as the center of the universe and the earth and other planets revolves around it in circles.
Universe Model
This law was theorized by Johannes Kepler, it states that all planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits
Law of Planetary Motions
It involves the discovery of the relations among distance, velocity, acceleration, and the law of inertia. By Galileo Galilei
Work of Motion
This law describes the fundamental principles of physics by Isaac Newton.
Law of Motion
This period covers the complex technological innovation that led to the substitution of machines and inanimate power for human skill and animal forces, respectively. This revolution started from Great Britain.
Industrial Revolution
This is the period where the connection between science and technology was very minimal. It shifted during this period where science, technology, industry united at a common ground and cause.
18th to 19th Century
During this era, science and technology has structurally and methodologically changed. Number of scientific theories were introduced and had influenced technological works in this century.
20th Century to Date
It is the knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance.
Information
He introduced letter-pressed printing or “movable type printing” to Europe (year 1455)
Johannes Gutenberg
Mass distribution of information is possible but expensive.
Gutenberg Principle
Books were printed and replicated with the use of presses. These books were called ______.
Incunabula (cradle or birthplace)
The first book printed with a movable type printer in Europe. It marked the start of Gutenberg Revolution.
Gutenberg Bible
This technology was discovered by Charles Babbage.
Computer
He is the father of computers.
Charles Babbage
Who discovered smelting?
Sumerians of Mesopotamia
Where was the first iron smelted?
South Caucasus
The Earth is considered to be the stationary center of the universe, with the sun, moon and planets revolving around it in spheres of their own.
Ptolemaic Cosmology
Divided the universe into an earthly realm and a higher celestial one
Aristotelian Natural Philosophy
High temples, Social calendar
Pre-columbian America (Aztec)
3 laws of motion
Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration
Law of Action and Reaction
The Rocket
Robert Stephenson
First Airplane
Orville and Wilbur Wright
Diesel Engine
Rudolf Diesel
Spinning Jenny
James Hargreaves
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
Law on electrostatic interaction and frictional electrostatic instrumentation.
Charles-Augustine de Coloumb
Cell or Battery
Alessandro Volta
Electricity-generated magnetism
Hans Christian Oersted
How electric current produces magnetism
Andre-Marie Ampere
First measurement of earth’s magnetism
Paul Erman
Magnetism generates electricity
Michael Faraday
Unification theory - electricity and magnetism
James Maxwell
Radio waves
Heinrich Hertz
Discovery of X-rays
Wilhelm Roentgen
First mercury thermometer
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Negative and positive charges
Benjamin Franklin
Chemistry as science, combustion experiments
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier
Oxygen combustion produces water
Henry Cavendish
Atomic Theory
John Dalton
Electron
Joseph John Thomson
Organic chemistry
Augustine Laurent and Charles Gerhardt
He is known as the “Father of Artificial Organs, he invented the first artificial heart and kidney using orange-juice cans, used auto parts, and sausage casings. He was noted for saying “If a man can grow a heart, he can build one.”
Dr. Wilhelm J. Kolff
The belief that all objects, places, and creatures have distinctive spiritual qualities.
Animism
This spirit/diety controls the rain, and they are believed to be the creator of the world and of human beings.
Diwata
An infinitely high canopy
Langit
Who named Diwata to minor spirits?
The Batak of the island of Palawan
One of the precolonial writing systems used by early Filipinos. The term comes from the tagalog root word that means “to spell.”
Baybayin
A geographically self-sufficient, autonomous communities
Barangays
Patan-aw
“look at me” (earrings)
Is the material the bees used to construct the walls of their hives, and this material was historically used in creating statues, bronze preservation, and even treating burns and wounds.
Beeswax
A portable swivel gun
Lantaka
A refined warship or sailing vessels that were equipped with platforms for transporting warriors and for fighting at sea.
Karakoa o Caracoa
It was cultivated in diked fields
Lowland rice
2 groups of Filipinos based on their settlement
Coastal areas and mountain settlements
Middle class Filipinos who were able to study in spain.
Illustrados
This strategy grouped for-flung scattered baranggays into fewer but larger and more compact towns within the hearing area of church bells.
Reduccion System
Lowest level of government. This follows the decree of King Philip II of spain, their honors and privileges for their conversion and subjection to Spanish crown
Cabeza de Baranggay
Head of the town
Gobernadorcillo
The galeons brought Chinese goods to Latin America, then brought back Mexican silver to Manila.
Galeon Trade
This was introduced by the Americans - All Filipino children were given right to education despite economic and social status. This was a project of the Department of Public Instruction that aimed to provide free primary education to Filipinos but utilized English as the primary mode of instruction.
Secularized Public Education
A group of American teachers who arrived in the Philippines to establish a new public school system, to teach basic education, and to train Filipino teachers, with English as the medium of instruction.
Thomasites
was established by the Americans and became the training ground for Filipino teachers. It is now the Philippine Normal University.
The Philippine Normal School
recognized the increasing number of private schools as educational and not commercial institutions.
The Private School Act
an independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for economic development and planning. It is the governing body that sets major development policy directions for the country
National Economic Council or the now National Economic and Development Authority
a Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation that is mandated to provide electricity to all rural areas of the Philippines by 2025 (known as “missionary electrification”), and to manage water resources for power generation, and to optimize the use of other power generating assets.
National Power Corporation
On _____________, the United States formally recognized the independence of the Republic of the Philippines. Since then, the support for research and development through education continued.
July 4, 1946
The people had been advised by their Babaylan (healer) to stay out of the river between __________ and _______ in the afternoon.
Twelve noon and 2 in the afternoon
Padayon
Move forward
Alpas
To break free
What type of economy does “barangays” have?
Subsistence economy
Dragonfly “tutubi”
Necklace
The oldest existing university in Asia.
University of Santo Tomas (UST)
A part, city, or other center to which goods are brought for import and export, and collection and distribution.
Entrepot of the Orient
Cell
Robert Hooke
Microorganisms
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Binomial nomenclature of classifying species
Carolus Linnaeus
First itchthyosaur fossil
Mary Anning
Barangays are based on _________ rather than politics.
Kinship
Coins used during pre-colonial period in the Philippines
Piloncitos
This is used for hunting animals. It has a detachable barked metal point and a long shaft that is usually made of moa.
Hawel or Tambay, Sawil
Filipino blacksmith
Panday
This was originally located at Taft Avenue and was the only publicly-supported higher education institution during the American period.
University of the Philippines
The country remained an exporter to U.S of various agricultural crops and raw materials and an importer of U.S manufactured products which was virtually cost-free.
Free Trade Relations
All Filipinos were given the right to education despite economic and social status. This was a project of the ________ that aimed to provide free primary education to Filipinos but utilized English as the primary mode of instruction.
Department of Public Instruction
An agency of the Philippine Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the accelerated growth and development of the fiber industry in the Philippines, such as abaca, also known as Manila hemp and cotton.
Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority
Its role is to supervise the academic institutions under the basic education and to create policies for the welfare of Filipino students in basic education.
Department of Education (DepEd)
It was established in response to increasing demands for S&T intervention in the national development.
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
Cell’s nucleus
Robert Brown
Theory of relativity
Albert Einstein
Proton
Ernest Rutherford
First walk in the moon
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
Continental Drift Theory
Alfred Wegener
It allowed billions of bits of information to be received every minute.
Fiber optic
The internet
Vinton cerf and Robert Kahn
World Wide Web
Sir Tim Berners-Lee
Electronic Mail
V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai
An avenue in which messages are passed/exchanged between people at faster rate.
Electronic Mail
Youtube
Chad Hurley and Steve Chen
Largest on-line destination and third most visited website.
YouTube
Larry Page and Sergey Brin
Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger
Ambisyon Natin 2040
Matatag, Magingawa, at Panatag na Buhay
DOST-NCRP
National Research Council of the Philippines
DOST-PCIEERD
Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development
DOST-PHIVOLCS
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
DOST-PCAARRD
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Awuatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development
DOST-PAGASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
NIBRA
National Integrated Basic Research Agenda
NUHRA
National Unified Health Research Agenda
AANR
Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources
This policy aims to provide a framework and support system for the ownership, management, use and commercialization of intellectual property resulting from research and development funded by the government.
Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009
This policy focuses on the integration, coordination, and intensification of scientific and technological research and development and fostering inventions, to provide funds and for other purposes.
Science Act of 1958
This program aims to promote information exchange and accelerate the flow of new technology into the country through strengthening the scientific and technological manpower of the academe and public and private institutions. The program’s objective is to encourage Filipino scientists and technologists to return and reside in the Philippines and share their expertise for the development of the country.
The Balik Scientist Program (BSP)
This agency has funded a program that has produced the irradiated carrageenan fertilizer. Researchers in the Philippines have found that an extract of seaweed, when processed with radiation, can make plants more resistant to typhoons and boost rice production by 20–30%.
PCAARRD
This project was designed to harness technologies and management services for disaster risk reduction activities
Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards)
This is the method and practice of teaching. It is the art of teaching which includes the combination of teaching methods, learning activities , and learning assessments.
Pedagogy
It was created as separate entity from the former under R.A 7722 to oversee the system of higher education in the country and to formulate policies, plans and programs for the development of public and private higher education.
Commission on Higher Education
This is a specialized public high school in the country which operates as an attached agency of the DOST. Science curriculum is designed to have more advanced science and mathematics subjects.
The Philippine Science High School System
In this education level, the fundamental concepts or theories developed by previous scientists are being applied. Students integrate these concepts and conduct their own research.
Tertiary Education
It is a product of indigenous knowledge perfected by people through life experiences.
Indigenous Science
These are processes or products resulting from studying indigenous science. It is designed and fabricated based on the culture, tradition and needs of people and which is adopted for use in the environment of those people.
Indigenous Technology
Indigenous means
Ancestral
This is a toy consisting of an axle connected to two disks and a stringlooped around the axle. It is played by holding the handle (string) by inserting one finger into a knot at its free end.
Yoyo - Pedro Flores
This is a device that provides sufficient warmth to the body to maintain a desired temperature, especially used for newborn children. In a bid to help families in rural communities without electricity, Dr. Fe del Mundo invented a bamboo incubator in 1941.
Medical Incubator - Dr. Fe del Mundo
He isolated a strain of bacteria which lead to the development of ________________, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat and prevent a wide range of infections.
Abelardo Aguilar - Erythromycin
She was the woman behind the discovery of _____ or fish sauce - a liquid condiment made from fish or krill that have been coated in salt and fermented for up to two years.
Ruperta David - Patis
She created a banana sauce with mashed bananas, vinegars, and spices. The brownishyellow color was not very appetizing, so a little red dye was added, turning it to what is today known as banana ketchup. She also made calamansi nip and Soyalac and Darak which helped many war prisoners survive.
Maria Orosa y Ylagan
An awarded Filipino inventor created “DeBCC” cream, an anti-cancer cream developed from cashew nuts and other local herbs. It is used specifically for basal skin carcinoma (BSC), which is known as the most prevalent type of skin cancer worldwide.
Rolando dela Cruz
He developed the first single-chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers work a lot faster.
Diosdado Banatao
Water security, Food and Nutrition Security, Health sufficiency, Clean energy, sustainable community, Inclusive nation building.
National Integrated Basic Research Agenda - NIBRA
The research priorities for this agenda include diagnostics, drug discovery and development, functional foods, hospital equipment and biomedical devices, information and communication technology for health, nutrition, food quality and safety, disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and molecular technologies for health
Health Research and Development Agenda
The lead agency responsible for the preparation of Harmonized R&D Agenda.
DOST
An agency composed of over four thousand researchers, scientist and experts who are tasked to promote and support basic researches in the country
National Research Council of the Philippines - NRCP
An agency mandated as the national coordinating body for health researches in the country.
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD)
The agency which aims to strengthen support in research and development, development of human resources and institution, diffusion of information and technology, and development of policies.
Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development - PCIEERD
The agency which evaluates and harmonizes the agenda for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. It is also responsible for relaying messages to people about the existence of danger and what can be done to prevent or minimize danger.
Philippine Volcanology and Seismology - PHIVOLCS
It collaborates with PHIVOLCS in evaluating and finalizing the agenda for disaster risk reduction and climate change. This agency is also responsible for giving typhoon signals and tsunami alerts to earn people of the things to be done for their safety
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration - PAGASA
An agency which conducts a roundtable consultation with the representatives from other agencies doing R&D functions in agriculture, aquatic and natural resources
Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development - PCAARRD
The program of the government which aims to achieve higher level of competitiveness for the country’s economic progress and success.
The Balik Scientist Program
Project created to enhance the efficiency of public mass transport systems.
Electric Train Project
18th and 19th century was divided into?
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
The revival of classical learning and wisdom.
Renaissance
It uses LIDAR system to effectively and accurately measure critical flood elevation and depth, it is considered one of the most extensive mapping systems in Southeast Asia developed by Filipino scientists.
Disaster Risk and Exposure Assessment for Mitigation Program or 3D mapping program
May entail traditional and unscientific knowledge since it includes scientific beliefs and practices.
Indigenous Knowledge
