Operations Research Flashcards
It is applied to problems that concern how to conduct and cooperate the operations in an organization.
Operations Research
OR introduced by _________ during _________ in 1937 and was developed in ___________.
PMS Blackett, WW2, 1942
2 factors that played a key role in the rapid growth of OR.
Substantial Progress
Onslaught of Computer Revolution
He developed the Simplex Method for solving linear programming problems.
George Dantzig
OR involves “research on operations”. Thus, it is applied to problems that concern how to conduct and coordinate the operations.
Nature of OR
Overview of OR Modeling Approach
- Define the Problem of Interest and Gather Relevant Data
- Formulating a Mathematical Model to Represent the Problem
- Develop a Computer-based Procedure for Deriving Solutions to the Problem from the Model
- Test the Model and Refine it as Needed.
- Prepare for the Ongoing Application of the Model as Prescribed by Management.
- Implementation
Steps in defining the problem and gathering data.
Determine appropriate objectives
Constraints
Interrelationships
Possible alternative actions
Time limits
Its a variable in whose respective values are to be determined.
Decision Variables
It is the appropriate performance that is expressed as a mathematical function of the decision variables.
Constructing this is also a crucial step in the formulating of an OR model.
Objective Function
It is any restriction on the values that can be assigned to the decision variables that is expressed mathematically, typically by means of inequalities or equations.
Constraints
The constants in the constraints and objective function.
Parameters
He points out the ___________ is much more prevalent than optimizing in an actual practice.
Herbert Simon, Satisficing
Satisficing is a combination of what word?
Satisfactory and Optimizing
“Optimizing is the science of the ultimate, satisficing is the art of the feasible.”
Samuel Eilon
It is an intuitively designed procedures that do not guarantee an optimal solution.
Heuristic Procedure
An analysis done after finding an optimal solution, a very important part of most OR studies.
Postoptimal analysis or What-if analysis
Postoptimal analysis involves ________ to determine which parameters of the model are most critical in determining the solution.
Sensitive analysis
This are parameters whose value cannot be changed without changing the optimal solution.
Sensitive parameters
The process of testing and improving a model to increase its validity.
Model Validation
This phase is a critical one because it is here that the benefits of the study are reaped.
Implementation
It uses a mathematical model to describe the problem of concern
Linear Programming
It means that all mathematical functions in the model are required to be linear functions.
Linear
The word programming does not refer to computer programming; rather it is essentially a synonym for ___________.
Planning
This is a procedure that is available for solving linear programming problems of an even enormous size.
Simplex Method
IFORS
International Federation of Operational Research Societies
INFORMS
Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
This test involves using historical data to reconstruct the past and then determining how well the model and the resulting solution would have performed if they had been used.
Retrospective Test
