Ethics Flashcards
It means love for wisdom.
Philosophy
Who coined Philosophy?
Pythagoras
2 Greek words which Philosophy came from
Philos (love) & Sophia (wisdom)
3 classifications of love.
Eros (romantic love)
Agape (selfless love)
Philia (affectionate love)
Passionate love for something/someone, sexual desire.
Eros (erasthai)
Love of God for men, selfless love.
Agape
Love that seek truth/appreciation of the other, of person or of reality.
Philia
Major disciplines of Philosophy.
Logic
Epistemology
Metaphysics
Aesthetics
Cosmology
Theodicy
Social Philosophy
Ethics
The study of right and sound reasoning.
Logic
The study of the validity of knowledge
Epistemology
Seeks to explain the fundamental concepts of being.
Metaphysics
The philosophical study of beauty.
Aesthetics
The study of real things in the universe.
Cosmology
The study of God and his nature.
Theodicy
The study of human and their relation to society.
Social Philosophy
This examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust. In a broader sense, it reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice.
Ethics
Greek word for ethics.
Ethos or ethikos meaning character
Imperatives of ethics
Human freedom
Existence of God
Immortality of the Souls
It refers to the social, cultural, and religious beliefs/values practiced overtime by individuals/groups.
Moral
Both discusses truths about the universe.
Philosophy and Science
The latter serves as the breeding ground of philosophy while the former defines history and interprets it.
Philosophy and History
Both are logical bodies of knowledge (works of/or according to rules, has clear and sound reasoning, rational).
Philosophy and Mathematics
One justifies the other.
Philosophy and Religion
5 ethical principles
Truthfulness/Honesty
Loyalty
Respect
Fairness
Integrity
EP: Among the basic principle of natural moral law.
Truthfulness/Honesty
EP: The willing, practical, and thorough going devotion of a person to a cause.
Loyalty
EP: Respect for a person
Respect
EP: Equity, respect, justice, and stewardship of the shared world.
Fairness
EP: Imposes an obligation on all individuals to be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships.
Integrity
It is a difficult situation in which an individual is confronted to choose between two or more alternative actions to resolve the problem. Dealing with tough, undesirable, and significant choices.
Dilemma
3 types of moral dilemma
Personal Dilemma
Organizational Dilemma
Systematic Dilemma
Defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the results it produces.
Moral Dilemma
These are situations in which an individual has a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion.
Personal Dilemma
Are the principals and standards by which businesses operate, according to Reference for Business. They are best demonstrated through acts of fairness, compassion, integrity, honor, and responsibility.
Organizational Dilemma
This is a moral dilemma that occurs at a macro level. Factors such as political pressures, economic conditions, societal attitudes, government regulations and policies may bring about a moral dilemma.
Systematic Dilemma
He claims that freedom is the source of all value (because it is what makes human moral choice and responsibility possible, without our freedom to create boundaries and structure, there is no rules and responsibility).
Immanuel Kant
He showed that human is free physically yet bound to obey its law.
Saint Augustine
He claims that the principle of freedom is a must — refusal to recognize this principle will have serious consequences to the issue of world peace.
Gorbachev
This person explains that no ethics is likewise possible without human freedom (human beings are accountable for their actions).
Quito
Enables us to think and reflect over actions that we intend to do and decide which of them to take.
Reason
A principle of justice holding that decisions or judgement on something or someone should be objective not on the basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.
Impartiality
A being who is capable of acting with reference to right or wrong.
Moral Agent
It is an aggregate of beliefs, attitudes, etc which can be viewed as a “blessing” and a preserver of values, heritage, arts, and good behavior.
Culture
Is linked with the elite upper class society, those families and individuals with an ascribed status position. It is often associated with the arts such as opera, ballet, classical music, and sports such as polo.
High Culture
Is a concept relating to culturally embedded differences within society. It is the fact that different cultures exist alongside each other.
Cultural Diversity
A culture enjoyed by a small group of people within society. In this sense it is a minority part of majority culture. They have distinct norms and values which make them sub-section of society.
Subculture
It borrows the idea from high culture and popularized it, making it available for the masses; a product of the media dominated world, it is a positive force for it brings people of different backgrounds together in a common culture.
Popular Culture
It is depicted to be very similar to cultural diversity, other definitions align with this culture with different ethnic groups living alongside each other.
Multiculturalism
Is a key feature of globalization, they emerged due to patterns of migration, trends in international travel and the spread of the media, exposing people to the same images of the same dominant world companies.
Global Culture
4 importance of culture
Culture affects perceptions
Culture influences behavior
Culture shapes personalities
Culture shapes our value and belief systems
Are what one believes to be the right things to do.
Moral Behavior
The principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.
Cultural Relativism
The view of moral judgement are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint.
Moral Relativism
It is an instruction that tells us what we are allowed to do and not to do.
Rules
3 classifications of Men
Lovers of Pleasure
Lovers of Success
Lovers of Wisdom
Concerned with/relating to human behavior especially the distinction of good and bad or right or wrong. It is associated with special emotions and vocabulary.
Moral Standard
Rules that are unrelated to moral/ethical consideration.
Non-moral Standard
It is a principle that when followed, it promotes values such as honesty, patience, respect, and kindness.
Ethical Standard
It shapes the character in Southeast Asia as Christianity does in Europe.
Buddhism
It encourages its practitioners to keep their emotions and passions in check and stresses karma over determination, which often means people are more willing to accept their lot in life and is sometimes viewed by Westerners as a lack of ambition or unwillingness to work hard to improve their positions in life.
Theravada Buddhism
It means that individuals should determine for themselves what it means to lead a good and virtuous life
Moral Freedom
A system of codes that gives the world meaning and shapes the behavior of people.
Culture
A way to Participate in Christ’s sacrifice; people who engage in these practices come from the more traditional communities influenced by Spanish-style Catholicism
Animistic Worldview
The question of good and evil arise when people need to act as free persons.
Ethical Norms
When there are free acts that involve a person’s desire to realize the Good.
Ethical Reflection
Defined by an ought that is not measured by how practical results are achieved but by how human beings act.
Free Action
Complex beings, experiencing the world in a variety of ways through a variety of perspective capacities.
Human Beings
Sets the course for making ethical and impartial decisions A reliable ground for moral judgment.
Reason
preoccupied and obsessed with the pursuit of their own comfort, pleasure, and happiness. Philedonos
Lovers of Pleasure
It suggests a strong desire for accomplishment and a commitment to making progress and achieving one’s ambitions.
Lovers of Success
Someone who seeks knowledge and understanding about the fundamental questions of life, reality, knowledge, and existence.
Philosophers
Lovers of Wisdom
This type of moral dilemma is when the person has no idea which option is the most morally acceptable. Although in many moral dilemmas it can be somewhat clear which option should take precedence, this moral dilemma, the matter is ambiguous.
Epistemic Dilemma
This is a moral dilemma in which the options available are equal in every respect. The person knows and has a clear understanding that both options are equivalent. Most experts on morality agree that this moral dilemmas are genuine dilemmas.
Ontological Moral Dilemma
3 Kinds of Moral Relativism
Descriptive Moral Relativism
Meta-ethical Moral Relativism
Normative Moral Relativism
A religious belief. A view of how moral views work.
Moral Absolutism
He referred to philosophy as something obscure, weird, and idiosyncratic.
Santiago 1996
No one can define philosophy without embracing the ________
Universe
Philisophy defined in 2 fashions
Etymollogically
Classically/Essentially
The cornerstone of ethics.
Immortality of the Soul
It is the salient factor that makes sense in the study of ethics.
God’s presence
Mos
Custom
The theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one’s culture. That is, wether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.
Ethical Relativism
