Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Structures that Support Brain Function > Flashcards

Structures that Support Brain Function Flashcards

1
Q

Optic Canal

A

-cranial nerve II (optic nerve) passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Optic Nerve

A
  • CN II

- carries visual information from the retina of the eye back to the brain allowing for vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

A

-CN III (occulomotor), IV (trochlear), IV (abducens), and V1 (branch of trigeminal) pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CN III, IV, VI

A
  • control orbital muscles that move the eye

- constriction of the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CN V1

A

-transmits sensory information from the ipsilateral forehead and scalp to the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

-third branch of the trigeminal nerve exits (mandibular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

-entry into the skull of the middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carotid Foramen

A

-internal carotid enters the calvaria passig through the bony canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stylomastoid Foramen

A

-allows CN VII to enter (internal auditory canal/meatus) and exits the calvaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

-permits exit of cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), and XI (accessory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

-spinal branches of cranial nerve XI enter calvaria here, join the cranial branches and exit via the jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypoglossal Canal

A

-lets CN XII (hypoglossal) exit the caldarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meninges

A
  • protective coverings of the brain
  • protect brain from injury by providing mechanical support and to bath it in a fluid solution to buffer it against chemical & mechanical forces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Layers of Meninges

A

-from brain outward they consist of a thin layer of cells tightly approximated to the brain surface called the pia mater, thicker layer called arachnoid mater, and thickest (double membrane) dura mater)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dura Mater

A
  • layer closest to the brain (meningeal layer)
  • outer layer just beneath periosteum called periosteal layer
  • these 2 layers separate the midline at the lateral aspects of the brain to create large venous sinuses called the superior sagittal sinus and the lateral sinuses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli

A

-coming together in the midline and lateral aspects of teh brain, the meningeal layers create a thick membrane that separates the left and right cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A
  • suspends the cerebral hemispheres above the cerebellum

- separates the supratentorial compartment from the infratentoral compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 spaces associated with the meninges

A

-2 are potential spaces and do not exist
(epidural space and subdural space) - head trauma may cause bleding into the epidural space (arterial) called epidural hemorrhage or into the subdural space (venous) called subdural hemorrhage
-Subarachnoid space: true space that is lined by the arachnoid above and the pia mater below
-harbors the bulk of the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the brain (lined by large blood vessels, arteries & veins positioned at the base of the brain & surrounding it)
-rupture of any of these vessels leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage with accumulation of blood in the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The dur mater forms the?

A

-epineurium

20
Q

The arachnoid forms the?

A

-perineurium

21
Q

Trivia Point

A

-dural membrane surrounding the spinal cord is comprised of only a single layer in contrast to the double layer covering the brain

22
Q

What 2 major pairs of arteries supply the brain?

A
  • right & left internal carotid

- right & left vertebral

23
Q

Right & Left Common Carotid Arteries

A

-bifurcate in the neck just below the angle of the jaw into external and internal carotid arteries

24
Q

External Carotid Arteries

A

-supply the face, scalp, and meninges overlying the brain

25
Q

Internal Carotid Arteries

A
  • ascend & travel through the carotid canal, enter the caldarium along side the carvernous sinus
  • make hairpin turn and continue on as the middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries
  • opthalmic arteries branch off near the apex (first branch)
26
Q

Right & Left Vertebral Arteries

A
  • originate from subclavian arteries
  • enter vertebral foramen bilaterally at the C6 level and travel upward through these foramen, entering the calvaria through the foramen magnum
  • 2 vertebral arteries join at the junction of the medulla and pons to form the basilar artery (BA)
27
Q

Circle of Willis

A
  • important structure in the cerebral circulation because it provides the potential for collateral blood flow if one or more of the four major arteries supplying the brain is obstructed or occluded
  • comprised of the posterior cerebral arteries connected to the internal carotid arteries via the posterior communicating arteries
  • anterior A1 segment of the anterior cerebral arteries & the anterior communicating artery complete the circle of willis
28
Q

Important Draining Veins of the Brain

A
  • occlusion of any of the major venous sinuses may cause seizures, tissue injury, and blockage of CSF circulation
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Straight Sinus
  • Superior Sagittal Sinus
  • Transverse Sinus
  • Great Cerebral Vein
  • Inferior Sagittal Sinus
  • Straight Sinus
29
Q

Communication with lateral ventricles with the midline third ventricle through?

A

-interventricular foramen of Monro

30
Q

Communication b/w the 3rd and 4th ventricles via?

A

-cerebral aquaduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)

31
Q

How is CSF created?

A

-in the choroid plexus by specialized epithelial cells that line the lateral, third, & fourth ventricles

32
Q

CSF

A
  • escapes the lateral ventricles into the 3rd ventricle via the foramen of Monro, CSF enters the 4th ventricle by the foramina of Magendie & Luscha
  • once out in the subarachnoid space some of the CSF circulates down around the spinal cord where approximately 10% is reabsorbed at the egress point of the nerve roots
  • bulk of CSF travels upward through the opening in the tentorium cerebelli & circulates over & around the brain
  • bulk (90%) of CSF is reabsorbed into the venous sinuses via the arachnoid granulations that are outpouchings of the arachnoid that protrude into the large venous sinuses
33
Q

How fast is CSF made?

A

-20 mL/hr

34
Q

Obstructive Hydrocephalus

A

-blockage of outflow of CSF from the ventricular system

35
Q

Arachnoid Villi

A

(granulations)

  • function as a one-way valve to allow CSF to flow out but not back into the ventricular system
  • obstruction of these one-way valves may cause a backup of CSF and create hydrocephalus
36
Q

Non-obstructive Hydrocephalus

A

-hydrocephalus caused by blockage of the arachnoid villi

37
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A
  • brain is highly sensitive to small changes in the ionic and organic chemical milieu
  • protects brain against fluctuations in blood chemistry & toxic substances or organisms that may circulate in blood
  • series of brain cells that act as a physical wall b/w the blood capillary lumen and the brain-“tight junctions” such that substances from the capillaries into the brain or ventricular CSF must pass through & not b/w cells lining the capillaries
38
Q

BBB is created by?

A

-tight junctions b/w capillary endothelial cells

39
Q

How is the choroid plexus created?

A
  • by outpouching of capillaries and the pia mater into the ventricular space
  • it sandwiches capillary blood vessels b/w layers of the arachnoid membrane & pia mater
40
Q

Blood CSF Barrier

A
  • tight junction, its purpose is to limit egress of potentially toxic substances circulating in the capillaries from egress into the CSF
  • large and small molecules must pass through and can’t pass b/w the chorid epithelial cells to enter the ventricular CSF
41
Q

What substances can go through the BBB?

A
  • water
  • CO2
  • O2
  • lipid soluble free forms of steroid hormones
42
Q

When can BBB break down?

A
  • infection
  • inc. age
  • Alzheimer disease
43
Q

Drug Access to the CNS

A

-more lipid soluble a drug, the easier it gets into the CNS

44
Q

Lipid Soluble Drugs

A

-undergo rapid redistrubution from main site of action to non-acitve sites, making their clinical duration short but increasing the length of elimination from non-active stores, such as fat

45
Q

Polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene predict response to?

A

-antidepressants

Neurology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions