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Neurology > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

ANS Neurotransmitters: Sympathetic

A
  • Preganglionic-ACh (Adrenal Glands)
  • Postganglionic-Norepinephrin
    - ACh (Sweat Glands, Erector Pili)
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2
Q

ANS Neurotransmitters: Parasympathetic

A

-Pre- and Postganglionic - Acetylcholine

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3
Q

ANS Neurotransmitters: Enteric

A

-variety of neruotransmitters plus neuropeptides

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4
Q

Subdivision of the ANS

A
  • Sympathetic/Thoracolumbar
  • Parasympathetic/Craniosacral
  • Enteric
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5
Q

ANS: Eye

A 
Parasympathetic: 
Constricts, contracts - Pupil, Radial Muscle      
Cilliary Muscle - contracts, near vision
Sympathetic: 
Pupil, Radial Muscle - dilates, relaxes
Cilliary Muscle - relaxes, far vision
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6
Q

ANS: Glands

A 
Parasympathetic:
increase secretions (lacrimal)
watery secretions (salivary, parotid)

Sympathetic:
thick secretions (salivary, parotid)
stimulate sweating

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7
Q

ANS: Heart

A

Parasympathetic:
decrease contraction force (cardiac muscle)
dilate (coronary arteries)
reduce rate, conduction (S-A, A-V nodes)

Sympathetic:
inc. contraction force (cardiac muscle)
constrict (alpha), dilate (beta) (coronary arteries)
increase rate, conduction (S-A, A-V nodes)

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8
Q

ANS: Arterioles

A

Parasympathetic:
Dilate (skin, Skeletal, Pulmonary, Abdominal viscera, Renal)

Sympathetic:
alpha - constrict, beta-receptors (skin, Skeletal, Pulmonary, Abdominal viscera, Renal)

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9
Q

ANS: Lung

A

Parasympathetic:
contracts (constricts bronchi) (bronchial muscle)

Sympathetic:
relax (dilates bronchi) (bronchial muscle)

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10
Q

ANS: Gastrointestinal

A

Parasympathetic:
stimulate peristalsis (wall muscle)
relaxes (sphincter muscle)
inc. secretions (secretions)

Sympathetic:
inhibit peristalsis (wall muscle)
contracts (sphincter muscle)
dec. secretions (secretions)

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11
Q

ANS: Pancreas

A

Parasympathetic:
inc. insulin-glucagon
secretion

Sympathetic:

dec. insulin secretion
inc. glucagon secretion

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12
Q

ANS: Liver

A

Sympathetic:
stimulate glycogenolysis

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13
Q

ANS: Adrenal

A

Sympathetic:
stimulates
epi/norepinephrine release

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14
Q

ANS: Ureter, Bladder

A

Parasympathetic:
contracts (wall muscle)
relaxes (sphincter)

Sympathetic:
relaxes (wall muscle)
contracts (sphincter)

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15
Q

ANS: Reproductive, Erectile Tissue

A

Parasympathetic:
relaxes, causing erection

Sympathetic:
stimulates ejaculation

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16
Q

Sympathetic Synapses

A
  • Primary neuron synapse in intermedial lateral zone in lateral horn of spinal cord w/2nd neuron
  • 2nd neuron leaves and go to chain ganglia
    • can move through & synapse with tertiary neuron elsewhere
    • can synapse with tertiary neuron in chain
    • can move up or down chain & then exit to synapse
17
Q

Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

A
  • primary neuron body that gives pupil constriction (synapses with ciliary ganglion (secondary neuron))
  • which synapses with terminal ganglia in the eye (CN III)
18
Q

Superior/Inferior Salivatory Nuclei

A

Superior: synapses with pterygopalatine ganglion which synapses in terminal ganglia in lacrimal and salivary glands (CN VII)

Inferior: synapses with otic/submandibular ganglion which synapses in terminal ganglia in parotid gland (CN IX)

19
Q

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus & the Nucleus Ambiguus

A

Synapses with ganglia that synapse in terminal ganglia in heart and abdomen organs (decrease HR, bronchoconstrict, increase digestion)
-CN X (vagus)

20
Q

Parasympathetic outflow from S2-S4

A

Innervates lower colon, rectum, bladder, prostate, and genitals (increases defecation, micturition, and sexual function)

21
Q

The local neurons in the gut create what 2 networks?

A

1) myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus
2) submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
- function independently of central ANS

22
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A
  • responsible for regulating gut smooth muscle (gut motility)
  • between longitudinal & circular muscle layers
23
Q

Sub mucus plexus

A
  • regulates glandular secretions

- beneath circular muscle layer

24
Q

Final Common pathway of Gut Motility

A

-through the enteric nervous system with ACh as the effector neurotransmitter

25
Q

The outflow of the ANS is Regulated by?

A
  • amygdala

- hypothalamus

26
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A
  • ptosis (drooped eyelid) & meiosis (small pupil)
  • lesion of sympathetic fibers at any point from hypothalamus to ciliary nerve
  • Central lesion (brainstem/spinal cord): loss of sweating over entire side of body
  • Peripheral lesion (T1-2 nerve root): loss of sweating only on side of face, neck, head
27
Q

Exit of sympathetic pathway to the eye?

A

T1-T2 (entry into paravertebral ganglion with second synapse in superior cervical ganglion
tertiary (postganglioinic) neuron with the carotid sheath & the entry of the sympathetic fibers into the cranial vault with the carotid artery, the sympathetic fibers travel along the short & long ciliary nerves to reach the tarsal muscles & the dilators of the iris

28
Q

Cardiovascular Regulation by the ANS

A
  • Baroreceptors (mechanical) in heart & major blood vessels provide info about BP to nucleus of solitary tract via the glossopharyngeal (IX) & vagus (X) nerves
  • Chemoreceptors (chemical) located in carotid body provide info on conc. of O2 & CO2 in blood to solitary nucleus via CNs IX and X
  • Interneurons connect solitary nucleus to nucleus ambiguus, the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, & midbrain sympathetic neurons which send efferent para & sympathetic fibers to the heart
29
Q

Micturition/Bladder by the ANS

A
  • Pain/Temp: para&sympathetic to spinal cord (spinothalamic tract to thalmus then cortex)
  • Bladder Fullness: mechanoreceptors, spinal cord by parasympathetic fibers goes to thalamus/cortex by spinothalamic
  • Sympathetic: detrusor to store
30
Q

Autonomic Control of Sexual Function

A

-book

31
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Autonomic Dysfunction

A

-dry eyes (sicca), dry mouth
-pupil dilation (mydriasis), pupil constriction (miosis), drooping eyelids (ptosis)
-fainting, lightheadedness, orthostasis
-constipation, diarrhea
-urinary incontinence, retention, incomplete bladder
emptying
-erectile dysfunction, dec. vaginal lubrication
-dec./inc. sweating
-skin flushing, skin pallor, Raynaud’s phenomenon

32
Q

Neurogenerative Diseases

A
  • Multisystem atrophy

- Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

33
Q

Acute Neuropathies

A
  • Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (Guillain Barre)
  • Acute autonomic neuropathy
  • paraneoplastic syndromes (Eaton-Lambert)
34
Q

Chronic Neuropathies

A
  • Diabetes
  • Amyloidosis
  • EtOH abuse
  • Chemotherapy (cisplatin, vincristin, paclitaxel)
  • HIV
  • Infections (Lyme disease, Syphilis)
  • Hereditary sensory neuropathies (Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day))

Neurology (18 decks)

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