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General Physiology (Finals) > Structures & Functions of the UPPER Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Structures & Functions of the UPPER Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

This is where food enters and processed (where food travels across our body)

A

Digestive/Alimentary Tract

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2
Q

It is the hardest substance in the body

A

Enamel

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3
Q

Parts of the Upper Digestive Tract

A

•Mouth
•Tongue
•Teeth
•Esophagus
•Stomach

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4
Q

Food that saliva digest

A

Starch

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5
Q

Enzyme in saliva that allows food digestion (starch)

A

Amylase

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6
Q

It’s a protein that participates in the metabolism of macromolecules

A

Enzyme

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7
Q

It protects the linings of stomach from hydrochloric acid

A

Mucus

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8
Q

Three Segments of Esophagus

A

Upper
Middle
Lower
(purely muscle)

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9
Q

Functions of Stomach:

A
  • mainly digestion of protein (with the help of hydrochloric acid)
  • absorption of certain nutrients
  • temporary storage of foods
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10
Q

What type of food that stomach digest?

A

Protein

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11
Q

Type of acid in stomach

A

Hydrochloric Acid

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12
Q

Functions of Saliva:

A
  • Lubrication and digestion of food
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13
Q

two major divisions of digestive system

A

digestive tract and accessory organ

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14
Q

Commonly called as the “food tube” is a long tube that runs from mouth to the anus and
comes into contact with food and the breakdown products of digestion.

A

Alimentary canal

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14
Q

a series of hollow organs that are all connected to each other, leading from your mouth to your anus.

A

GI tract

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15
Q

a network of three organs that deliver bile and enzymes through to your GI tract your bile ducts.

A

Biliary system

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16
Q

This part of the digestive tract is adapted to receive food by ingestion, breaking it into small particles by mastication, and mixing it with saliva.

A

mouth/oral cavity

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16
Q

THE MOUTH

a fan-shaped muscle that is involved in forming most of the tongue mass

A

Genioglossus of tongue

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16
Q

THE MOUTH

a band of fibro elastic tissue that originates in the lip and inserts in the attached gingiva at the midline of the maxilla

A

Labial frenulum

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17
Q

THE MOUTH

a central fold of fascia that spans the floor of mouth and together with the overlying oral mucosa it forms the “roof” of the sublingual space

A

Lingual frenulum

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18
Q

THE MOUTH

fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

A

Gingiva

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19
Q

THE MOUTH

This type of palate is covered superiorly by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (respiratory mucosa) and inferiorly by stratified squamous epithelium (oral mucosa).

A

Hard Palate

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19
Q

THE MOUTH

This type of palate is consists of muscle fibers and connective tissue covered by a mucus membrane consisting of a stratified squamous epithelium with secretory salivary glands.

A

Soft Palate

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20
Q

THE MOUTH

A teardrop-shaped tissue that hangs from the back of the roof of your mouth.

A

Uvula

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21
Q

THE MOUTH

A muscular, box-shaped passageway behind
your nose, just above the roof of your mouth.

A

Nasopharynx

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22
Q

THE MOUTH

sagittal of the throat located behind the mouth.

A

Oropharynx

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22
Q

THE MOUTH

Is the most caudal portion of the pharynx.

A

Laryngopharynx

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23
Q

THE MOUTH

a tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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24
Q

THE TONGUE

a small, leaf-shaped sheet of elastic cartilage that protects your larynx (voice box) and helps
you swallow.

A

Epiglottis

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25
Q

THE TONGUE

bundles of lymphatic tissue located
in the lateral oropharynx

A

Palatine tonsil

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26
Q

THE TONGUE

masticatory mucosa, a type of oral mucosa which is of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Surface of the Tongue

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27
Q

THE TONGUE

A body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs, and is the major tissue in glands.

A

Epithelium

27
Q

THE TONGUE

It carries taste buds, usually 8 to 12 large papillae near the back of the tongue each of which is surrounded by a marginal sulcus and supplied with taste buds responsive especially to bitter flavors.

A

Vallate Papilla

28
Q

Found at the bottom of the epidermis — the outermost layer of skin.

A

Basal cell

28
Q

THE TONGUE

A sensory organs that are found on your tongue and allow you to experience tastes that are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

29
Q

THE TONGUE

It bind neurons together and insulate the neurons.

A

Supporting cell

30
Q

THE TONGUE

It is composed of two excitable cell types and a glia-like cell.

A

Taste cell

31
Q

THE TONGUE

A very sensitive microscopic hairs called microvilli

A

Taste hair

32
Q

THE TONGUE

A small openings in the tongue epithelium

A

Taste pore

33
Q

THE TONGUE

a small, round, and the only ones that don’t contain taste buds

A

Filiform papilla

33
Q

THE TONGUE

a small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture.

A

Fungiform papilla

34
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

What are the four types of teeth (anterior to posterior; front to back)

A

Incisors
Canine
Premolar
Molars

35
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting. In humans there are four incisors in each jaw.

36
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

dog teeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs,

A

Canine (also known as cuspids)

37
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

teeth that are located between our canines and our molars in the backs of our mouths

A

Premolar (also known as bicuspids)

38
Q

TYPES OF TEETH

teeth that are in the very back of
your mouth.

38
Q

PARTS OF THE TOOTH

the part of the tooth that you can see
above the gums.

39
Q

PARTS OF THE TOOTH

the portion of the tooth that rests in
between the crown and the root of the tooth.

40
Q

PARTS OF THE TOOTH

the portion of the tooth that rests below the gums

41
Q

HOW DOES THE ESOPHAGUS WORK?

a muscular tube that helps move food and liquid from the oropharynx, through the diaphragm and into your stomach.

41
Q

HOW DOES THE ESOPHAGUS WORK?

As a lump of food or bolus enters the esophagus, __________ begins to move it toward the _____. The middle portion of the esophagus is composed of both _____ and __________, whereas the inferior portion of the
esophagus is made of __________.

At the opening of your __________, there’s a ring-shaped muscle called the _______________. Your upper esophageal sphincter senses when food or liquid is coming toward it.

Once inside your esophagus, waves of __________ (peristalsis) push the food downward. The food passes through your _____ and reaches your ___________. At the opening of your lower esophagus, there’s another ring- shaped muscle called the _______________ (LES).

A

Skeletal muscle
stomach
skeletal and smooth muscle
smooth muscle

upper esophagus
upper esophageal sphincter

muscular contractions
diaphragm
lower esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter

42
Q

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS

The esophagus has inner epithelial lining of
stratified squamous epithelium which are:

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Propia

42
Q

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS

The inferior portion of the esophagus has an
_____________, which prevents the backflow of the stomach acids, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

esophageal sphincter

42
Q

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS

An outer connective tissue layer.

A

Adventitia

43
Q

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS

A space in the esophagus that the food
passes through

44
Q

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS

This part of esophagus begins at the
cricopharyngeal muscle.

A

cervical segment

44
Q

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS

This part of esophagus is located between the
vertebral column and the trachea.

A

thoracic segment

44
Q

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS

the final segment of the esophagus, runs from the diaphragm to the opening of the stomach.

A

abdominal segment

44
Q

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK?

This structure is a J-shaped organ that digests food located on the left side of the body. It receives contents from the esophagus.

45
Q

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK?

The food that enters the stomach is stored and
mixed with _____ and __________ to form a soupy material called _____.

A

enzymes
hydrochloric acid
chyme

46
Q

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK?

When empty, its inner surface has a wrinkled appearance with multiple folds called _______. These folds flatten when the stomach is full.

47
Q

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The openings)

the opening by which the stomach communicates with the duodenum of the small intestine (at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebrae).

A

Pyloric orifice

47
Q

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The openings)

The opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach (which is at the 10th to 11th thoracic vertebrae).

A

Cardiac orifice

47
Q

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The curvature)

The greater curvature, we can also see a depression called the __________ or ____________.

A

cardiac notch or incisura
cardialis

47
Q

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The curvature)

The lesser curvature we can find a slight depression called ___________ or __________.

A

angular notch or incisura angularis

48
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

The _____ is the top part of your stomach. It contains the __________, also known as the ________________, which prevents food from traveling back up your esophagus.

A

cardia
cardiac sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter

49
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

The _____ is a rounded section
next to the cardia. It’s below your
diaphragm (the dome-shaped
muscle that helps you breathe).
Project upward and to the left
cardiac orifice. It is usually full of
gas.

50
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

The _____ is the largest
section of your stomach. In the
body, your stomach contracts and
begins to mix food.

A

body (corpus)

50
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

The _____ is the bottom part of your stomach. It includes the __________ that helps regulate the amount of chyme leaving the stomach.

A

pylorus
pyloric sphincter

51
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

The ___________ lies below
the body. It holds food until
your stomach is ready to send it
to your small intestine.

A

Pyloric antrum

51
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

the hallow inside of the organ where the food and secretions occupy

52
Q

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH

__________ is the opening
between the stomach and the
duodenum.

A

Pyloric canal

53
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

Mucosa - innermost portion, it is the region that would
be touching the lumen.

54
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

It is the bed of loose connective tissue on which the epithelium is lying.

A

Lamina propria

54
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

It is the innermost layer that would be the type of tissue that is directly contracting the contents.

A

Epithelial tissue

55
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

a thin ring of smooth muscle

A

Muscularis mucosae

55
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

supports the mucosa and is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.

56
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

this layer is made of thick muscles. They help to mix food with the digestive juices.

A

Muscularis externa

56
Q

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE

it is last and outermost periphery of the GL tract

General Physiology (Finals) (5 decks)

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