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General Physiology (Finals) > Structures & Functions of the LOWER Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Structures & Functions of the LOWER Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

A muscular tube which extends
from the lower end of your
stomach to your anus, the
lower opening of the digestive
tract. also called the bowel

A

intestines

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2
Q

three features of small intestine

A

mucosal folds, villi, micro villi

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2
Q

the longest part of the digestive system and extends from the stomach to the large intestine and consists of three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

A

small intestine

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3
Q

It has features which allow it to have such a huge absorptive surface area packed into a relatively small space

A

small intestine

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3
Q

This is not only increases the surface area but helps regulate the flow of digested food through the intestine.

A

mucosal folds

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4
Q

Helps absorb nutrients from the food that passes through.

A

villi

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5
Q

This helps increase the surface of each individual cell so that each cell can absorb nutrients.

A

micro villi

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6
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

First part of the small intestine that extends from the pyloric sphincter
of the stomach, wraps around the
head of the pancreas in a C-shape
and ends at duodenojejunal flexure.

A

Duodenum

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7
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

This part begins the digestive process of
breaking down and absorbing nutrients
needed by the body and is also considered the “mixing pot” of the small intestine because of the churning process that takes place there.

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

Hormone that is released when the pH of the duodenum needs adjusting

A

Secretin

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9
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

Hormone which is released to aid
in the digestion and absorption of
nutrients such as fats and proteins

A

Cholecystokinin

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10
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

This structure is important for immune support that acts as a barrier to prevent harmful microbes from entering the body.

A

Duodenum

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11
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

This 2nd part of the small intestine begins at the duodenojejunal flexure and is
found in the upper left quadrant of the
abdomen.

A

Jejunum

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12
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

The main function of this part is the absorption of important nutrients such as sugars, fatty acids,
and amino acids.

A

Jejunum

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13
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

The involuntary contraction of smooth muscles that moves nutrients through the digestive system, keeps the food moving gradually forward and is vigorous and quick in the jejunum.

A

Peristalsis

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13
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

The last and longest part of the small intestine.
Found in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.

A

Ileum

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13
Q

PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE

A

Ileum

14
Q

At the junction between the ileum and the cecum lies the __________, a functional sphincter formed by the circular muscle layers of both the ileum and cecum.

A

ileocecal valve

15
Q

This valve that is located in between the ileum and cecum prevents a reflux of the bacteria-rich content from the large intestine into the small intestine.

A

ileocecal valve

16
Q

Food spends the most time in the _____, where the most water and nutrients are absorbed, and its peristaltic contractions are slower.

A

Ileum

17
Q

This part of small intestine is responsible for :

  • Enzymatic cleavage of nutrients
  • Absorption of vitamin B12 (with intrinsic factor from the stomach), fats (especially fatty acids and glycerol) and bile salts
  • Immunological function (access and transfer of antigens)
A

Ileum

18
Q

It is the last part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Also called the large bowel, is where food waste is formed into poop, stored, and finally excreted.

A

large intestine

19
Q

An intestine that includes the colon, rectum and anus.

A

large intestine

20
Q

Its function is to dehydrate what’s left of the food and form it into stool by slowly absorbing water and electrolytes as its muscle system
moves the waste along.

A

large intestine

21
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

This pouch, the first 6 inches of the colon, is also the widest portion of the large intestine

A

Cecum

22
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, ______.

A

Cecum
mucus

23
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

The internal wall of the _______ is composed of a thick mucous membrane, through which water and salts are absorbed

A

Cecum

24
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

the second part of the large intestine,
continuing from the cecum that is about 20–25 cm (7.8–9.8 in) long

A

Ascending colon

25
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It absorbs the remaining water and nutrients from indigestible matter, and solidifies it to form stool.

A

Ascending colon

26
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

the longest and most mobile part of the colon that runs from the right to the left of the abdomen and connects the end of the ascending colon to the start of the descending colon.

A

Transverse colon

27
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It absorbs water and salts from indigestible
food matter, making it easier for waste products to move through the body.

A

Transverse colon

27
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It begins at the end of the transverse colon and
moves material down the left side of the
abdomen about 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in) long.

A

Descending colon

28
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It stores stool before this moves to the next
compartment — the sigmoid colon.

A

Descending colon

29
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE
The last part of the colon that looks like an S-shaped tube that hangs off of the descending colon and leads to the rectum.

A

Sigmoid colon

29
Q

PARTS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

It transports fecal matter from the descending
colon to the rectum and anus and absorb water, vitamins, and other nutrients from the feces, before they are moved to the rectum.

A

Sigmoid colon

30
Q

This structure is at the end of the large intestine that makes up the last 6 inches or so, just before it turns into the anal canal.

A

Rectum

31
Q

This is the last stop on the food’s journey through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before it exits. As food waste passes from the colon into your _____, it collects there until nerves trigger the urge to poop.

A

rectum

31
Q

The primary function of this structure is to collect and hold the fecal matter until it’s time to release it. It relaxes and stretches to accommodate the waste as it gradually comes in from the colon.

A

rectum

32
Q

This is the end of the large intestine, where food waste completes its journey
through the digestive tract and makes its exit.

A

anus

32
Q

Muscles, nerves, and mucous membranes in this structure work together to make healthy bowel movements that can be controlled. They also work to keep the it closed to infections coming in from the outside.

A

anus

33
Q

This facilitates the bowel movements. Nerves and muscles surrounding the it coordinate to tell you when you need to poop, while allowing you to hold it in until you’re able to reach a toilet.

A

anus

General Physiology (Finals) (5 decks)

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