Structures and Functions of Animal Tissues and Cell Modification Flashcards
New properties arise with each step upward the hierarchy of life.
Emergent Properties
Include all atoms and molecules
Chemical Level
The basic structural and functional units of an organization
Cellular Level
Are group of cells that usually arise from common cells and work together to perform a particular function
Tissue Level
Different kind of tissues combined
Organ Level
A system consists of several related organs that have a common function
System Level
The largest level. All parts of body functioning with one another comprise the total organism
Organismic Level
This type of tissue is commonly seen outside the body as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities. Characterized by closely-joined cells with tight junctions.
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue for secretion
Cuboidal
Epithelial Tissue that are brick-shaped cells; for secretion and active absorption
Simple Columnar
Epithelial Tissue that are plate-like cells; for exchange of material through diffusion
Simple Squamous
Epithelial Tissue that is multilayered and regenerates quickly; for protection
Stratified Squamous
Epithelial Tissue that are single layer of cells; may just look stacked because of varying height; for lining of respiratory tract; usually lined with cilia
Pseudo-Stratified Columnar
Tissue that’s composed of Blood, Connective Tissue Proper (CTP), Cartilage, and Bone
Connective Tissue
Made up of plasma; contains water, salts, and dissolved proteins
Blood
Made up of loose connective tissue that is found in the skin and fibrous connective tissue that is made up of collagenous fibers found in tendons and ligaments.
Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
Characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate, functions as cushion between bones.
Cartilage
Mineralized connective tissue made by osteoblasts which deposit collagen.
Bone
These tissues are composed of long cells called muscle fibers that allow the body to move voluntary or involuntary.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle categories in vertebrates.
(1) Skeletal, (2) Cardiac, (3) Smooth
Vertebrates Muscle Category, Striated; Voluntary movements.
Skeletal
Vertebrates Muscle Category, Striated with intercalated disk for synchronized heart contractions; involuntary.
Cardiac
Vertebrates Muscle Category, Not Striated; Involuntary
Smooth
Tissues that are composed of nerve cells called neurons and glial cells that function as support cells.
Nervous Tissue
Nerve cells and muscles come under this category. They have intern ability to conduct an elastic impulse from one region to other distant region in the body.
Conductive Cells
Bone cells, blood cells fall under this category. They help connect other cells and tissues
Connective Cells
These cells are secretory cells. They form glands like pancreas, salivary glands and help in production of enzymes, hormones
Glandular Cells
These are the cells that act as support to adjacent cells.
Supportive Cells
These are unlike others are haploid. They are present only in the males after puberty.
Sperms
Cells are haploid and present in adult female genital system. They are also haploid like sperms. They start to form after puberty and continue till the stage of menopause
Oocytes
These are basic cells or parent cells which can differentiate into any cell based on the requirement
Stem Cell
These are cells in the eyes and have capacity to capture image, color, and light.
Rods and Cones
These cells are present as lining of respiratory tract and esophagus snd have a pointed-thread like cilia which move in one particular direction to pass material.
Ciliated Cells
