Cell Structure and Functions

Question 1

Thin barrier that forms a boundary, separating an individual cell from the external environment. It can easily be observed when you look at an animal cell using a compound microscope. It controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell

Answer 1

Cell / Plasma Membrane

Question 2

The cell membrane is composed of ______ embedded with proteins and carbohydrates

Answer 2

Phospholipids Bilayer

Question 3

Means that not everything can enter and pass through it.

Answer 3

Semipermeable

Question 4

The cell contains different parts which carry out different functions

Answer 4

Organelles

Question 5

Enclosed within the cell membrane

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

People with celiac disease have an immune response to

Answer 6

Gluten

Question 7

Several specialized finger-like folds in the cell membrane.

Answer 7

Microvilli

Question 8

The cytoplasm contains the semifluid substance where the difference organelles are suspended

Answer 8

Cytosol

Question 9

Substances that produce electrically conducting solutions

Answer 9

Electrolytes

Question 10

Substances produced during metabolism

Answer 10

Metabolites

Question 11

Substances that are within the cytosol

Answer 11

(1) Electrolytes, (2) Metabolites, (3) DNA, (4) Synthesized protein.

Question 12

The cytosol is the site of many physiological processes such as _______ (conversion of glucose into another form) and protein snd fat synthesis

Answer 12

Glycolysis

Question 13

This is where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane. The organelles can also move within and around here

Answer 13

Cytoplasm

Question 14

It is the structure of the cytoplasm

Answer 14

Cytoskeleton

Question 15

The three major filaments of the cytoplasm

Answer 15

(1) Microfilament, (2) Microtubules, (3) Intermediate Filaments

Question 16

Has a diameter of 7 nanometers and is mainly composed of contractile protein called Actin

Answer 16

Microfilament

Question 17

Powered by ATP to assemble its filamentous form, which serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein

Answer 17

Actin

Question 18

Motor protein

Answer 18

Myosin

Question 19

Has a diameter of about 25nm and is composed of globular proteins. They help from the shape of the cell as well as track the movement of the organelles

Answer 19

Microtubules

Question 20

Globular proteins

Answer 20

Tubulins

Question 21

Is about 10nm in diameter and is the most stable and the least soluble constituent of the cytoskeleton. It provided tensile strength in the cell.

Answer 21

Intermediate Filament

Question 22

Is a rigid layer that gives protection, rigid support, and shape to the cell. Only seen in plant cells.

Answer 22

Cell Wall

Question 23

The storehouse of genetic information in the form or DNA inside the cells. Serves as the control center of the cell.

Answer 23

Nucleus

Question 24

Is the boundary of the nucleus, composed of the outer and the inner nuclear membrane.

Answer 24

Nuclear Envelope

Question 25

Holes within the nuclear envelope that allows the large molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Answer 25

Nuclear Pores

Question 26

Found between the nuclear membrane

Answer 26

Perinuclear Space

Question 27

Found inside the nuclear envelope

Answer 27

Nucleoplasm

Question 28

A long chain of molecules that contain instructions for making proteins. Packaged by a special group of proteins histones.

Answer 28

DNA

Question 29

Segmented portions of DNA

Answer 29

Genes

Question 30

A complex structure packaged by DNA proteins called histones

Answer 30

Chromatin

Question 31

The chromatin further condenses to form tightly coiled structure

Answer 31

Chromosomes

Question 32

A membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus essential for making proteins.

Answer 32

Nucleolus

Question 33

Small, dense structures that help in the assembly of proteins in the cell. They work with the other parts of the cell to synthesize proteins.

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

Membrane-bound organelles that forms an interconnected sacs. It is connected to the nuclear envelope, runs through the cytoplasm, and may also extend into the cell membrane.

Answer 34

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 35

Surface of the Endoplasmic Reticulum covered by ribosomes. Produces proteins in the pancreas and the digestive tract.

Answer 35

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 36

Surfaces of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that are NOT covered by ribosomes. Responsible for the production of lipids.

Answer 36

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 37

Where proteins are transported into layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces. Where proteins are processed, sorted, and delivered.

Answer 37

Golgi Bodies / Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex

Question 38

One of the two faces facing the Golgi Bodies. The part facing the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Answer 38

Cis Face

Question 39

One of the faces of the Golgi Bodies. The one facing the cytoplasm of the cell membrane

Answer 39

Trans Face

Question 40

The substance produced in the Endoplasmic Reticulum enters its lumen, which is the space inside the organelle. The substance then pinches off to become a ______

Answer 40

Vesicle

Question 41

Fluid-filled sac for the storage of materials needed by the cell that includes water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes. Both animal and plant cells have this.

Answer 41

Vacuoles

Question 42

Is a microtubule organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

Answer 42

Centrosomes

Question 43

Are round-shape, membrane-bound structure containing chemicals that can break down material in the cell

Answer 43

Lysosomes

Question 44

Are surrounded by a single membrane containing digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic material

Answer 44

Perixosomes

Question 45

Supply energy to the cell. Site of cellular respiration.

Answer 45

Mitochondria

Question 46

Mitochondria is responsible in producing _____ the energy currency of the cell

Answer 46

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 47

It serves as the covering of the mitochondria. Is also the site of attachment for the respiratory assembly of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

Answer 47

Outer Membrane

Question 48

This is folded many times to create the cristae in the Mitochondria. This contains ribosomes and the DNA of the Mitochondria

Answer 48

Inner Membrane

Question 49

Organelles that help a plant to convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Answer 49

Chloroplast.

Question 50

Process of plants to make food, it is a series of chemical reaction using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose

Answer 50

Photosynthesis

Question 51

Found inside the chloroplast, a colorless fluid surrounding several grana

Answer 51

Stroma

Question 52

Each granum contains __-__ thylakoids

Answer 52

10-20

Question 53

Each granum contains several stacks of _______

Answer 53

Thylakoids

Question 54

Chloros means?

Answer 54

Green

Question 55

Plastes means?

Answer 55

The one who forms

Question 56

Thylakos means?

Answer 56

Sack

Question 57

The green pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis

Answer 57

Chlorophyll

Question 58

The space inside the thylakoid that serves as the site of several reactions during photosynthesis

Answer 58

Lumen

Question 59

Two types of Thylakoids

Answer 59

(1) Granal Thylakoids, (2) Stromal Thylakoids

Question 60

Arranged in the grana. These circular discs that are about 300-600 nanometers in diameter

Answer 60

Granal Thylakoids

Question 61

In contact with the stroma in the form of helicoid sheets

Answer 61

Stromal Thylakoids

Question 62

Site of attachment for the respiratory assembly of the electron transport chain snd ATP synthase

Answer 62

Outer Membrane

Question 63

Contains ribosomes and the DNA of the mitochondria

Answer 63

Inner Membrane