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General Biology > Cell Structure and Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structure and Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Thin barrier that forms a boundary, separating an individual cell from the external environment. It can easily be observed when you look at an animal cell using a compound microscope. It controls the passage of organic molecules, ions, water, and oxygen into and out of the cell

A

Cell / Plasma Membrane

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2
Q

The cell membrane is composed of ______ embedded with proteins and carbohydrates

A

Phospholipids Bilayer

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3
Q

Means that not everything can enter and pass through it.

A

Semipermeable

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4
Q

The cell contains different parts which carry out different functions

A

Organelles

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5
Q

Enclosed within the cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

People with celiac disease have an immune response to

A

Gluten

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7
Q

Several specialized finger-like folds in the cell membrane.

A

Microvilli

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8
Q

The cytoplasm contains the semifluid substance where the difference organelles are suspended

A

Cytosol

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9
Q

Substances that produce electrically conducting solutions

A

Electrolytes

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10
Q

Substances produced during metabolism

A

Metabolites

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11
Q

Substances that are within the cytosol

A

(1) Electrolytes, (2) Metabolites, (3) DNA, (4) Synthesized protein.

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12
Q

The cytosol is the site of many physiological processes such as _______ (conversion of glucose into another form) and protein snd fat synthesis

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

This is where the molecules first pass through after entering or before exiting the cell membrane. The organelles can also move within and around here

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

It is the structure of the cytoplasm

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

The three major filaments of the cytoplasm

A

(1) Microfilament, (2) Microtubules, (3) Intermediate Filaments

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16
Q

Has a diameter of 7 nanometers and is mainly composed of contractile protein called Actin

A

Microfilament

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17
Q

Powered by ATP to assemble its filamentous form, which serves as a track for the movement of a motor protein

A

Actin

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18
Q

Motor protein

A

Myosin

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19
Q

Has a diameter of about 25nm and is composed of globular proteins. They help from the shape of the cell as well as track the movement of the organelles

A

Microtubules

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20
Q

Globular proteins

A

Tubulins

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21
Q

Is about 10nm in diameter and is the most stable and the least soluble constituent of the cytoskeleton. It provided tensile strength in the cell.

A

Intermediate Filament

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22
Q

Is a rigid layer that gives protection, rigid support, and shape to the cell. Only seen in plant cells.

A

Cell Wall

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23
Q

The storehouse of genetic information in the form or DNA inside the cells. Serves as the control center of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

Is the boundary of the nucleus, composed of the outer and the inner nuclear membrane.

A

Nuclear Envelope

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25
Q

Holes within the nuclear envelope that allows the large molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear Pores

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26
Q

Found between the nuclear membrane

A

Perinuclear Space

27
Q

Found inside the nuclear envelope

A

Nucleoplasm

28
Q

A long chain of molecules that contain instructions for making proteins. Packaged by a special group of proteins histones.

A

DNA

29
Q

Segmented portions of DNA

A

Genes

30
Q

A complex structure packaged by DNA proteins called histones

A

Chromatin

31
Q

The chromatin further condenses to form tightly coiled structure

A

Chromosomes

32
Q

A membrane-free organelle found inside the nucleus essential for making proteins.

A

Nucleolus

33
Q

Small, dense structures that help in the assembly of proteins in the cell. They work with the other parts of the cell to synthesize proteins.

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

Membrane-bound organelles that forms an interconnected sacs. It is connected to the nuclear envelope, runs through the cytoplasm, and may also extend into the cell membrane.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

35
Q

Surface of the Endoplasmic Reticulum covered by ribosomes. Produces proteins in the pancreas and the digestive tract.

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

36
Q

Surfaces of the Endoplasmic Reticulum that are NOT covered by ribosomes. Responsible for the production of lipids.

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

37
Q

Where proteins are transported into layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces. Where proteins are processed, sorted, and delivered.

A

Golgi Bodies / Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex

38
Q

One of the two faces facing the Golgi Bodies. The part facing the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

A

Cis Face

39
Q

One of the faces of the Golgi Bodies. The one facing the cytoplasm of the cell membrane

A

Trans Face

40
Q

The substance produced in the Endoplasmic Reticulum enters its lumen, which is the space inside the organelle. The substance then pinches off to become a ______

A

Vesicle

41
Q

Fluid-filled sac for the storage of materials needed by the cell that includes water, food molecules, inorganic ions, and enzymes. Both animal and plant cells have this.

A

Vacuoles

42
Q

Is a microtubule organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

A

Centrosomes

43
Q

Are round-shape, membrane-bound structure containing chemicals that can break down material in the cell

A

Lysosomes

44
Q

Are surrounded by a single membrane containing digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic material

A

Perixosomes

45
Q

Supply energy to the cell. Site of cellular respiration.

A

Mitochondria

46
Q

Mitochondria is responsible in producing _____ the energy currency of the cell

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

47
Q

It serves as the covering of the mitochondria. Is also the site of attachment for the respiratory assembly of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis

A

Outer Membrane

48
Q

This is folded many times to create the cristae in the Mitochondria. This contains ribosomes and the DNA of the Mitochondria

A

Inner Membrane

49
Q

Organelles that help a plant to convert solar energy to chemical energy.

A

Chloroplast.

50
Q

Process of plants to make food, it is a series of chemical reaction using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose

A

Photosynthesis

51
Q

Found inside the chloroplast, a colorless fluid surrounding several grana

A

Stroma

52
Q

Each granum contains __-__ thylakoids

A

10-20

53
Q

Each granum contains several stacks of _______

A

Thylakoids

54
Q

Chloros means?

A

Green

55
Q

Plastes means?

A

The one who forms

56
Q

Thylakos means?

A

Sack

57
Q

The green pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

58
Q

The space inside the thylakoid that serves as the site of several reactions during photosynthesis

A

Lumen

59
Q

Two types of Thylakoids

A

(1) Granal Thylakoids, (2) Stromal Thylakoids

60
Q

Arranged in the grana. These circular discs that are about 300-600 nanometers in diameter

A

Granal Thylakoids

61
Q

In contact with the stroma in the form of helicoid sheets

A

Stromal Thylakoids

62
Q

Site of attachment for the respiratory assembly of the electron transport chain snd ATP synthase

A

Outer Membrane

63
Q

Contains ribosomes and the DNA of the mitochondria

A

Inner Membrane

General Biology (9 decks)

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