Structure Topics from Mr Liu Flashcards
What are the four stages of food processing?
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
These stages are critical for understanding how organisms process food.
What is the purpose of saliva in the mouth?
To begin the process of digestion by breaking down food
Saliva contains enzymes that aid in the digestion of carbohydrates.
What is chyme?
A semi-liquid mass of partially digested food in the stomach
Chyme is formed from food mixed with gastric juices.
What is the function of the pancreas in digestion?
Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating pH and breaking down macromolecules.
What is the role of villi in the small intestine?
Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
Villi are small, finger-like projections that enhance nutrient uptake.
Fill in the blank: The large intestine is primarily responsible for _______.
water absorption
The large intestine also compacts waste for elimination.
What are the stages of breathing?
Inhalation and exhalation
These stages are essential for gas exchange in the respiratory system.
True or False: The larynx is involved in the production of sound.
True
The larynx houses the vocal cords and is critical for phonation.
What is the function of alveoli in the lungs?
Gas exchange with blood
Alveoli are tiny air sacs that facilitate the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
What are the main components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Each component plays a vital role in transporting nutrients and oxygen.
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart
This distinction is crucial for understanding blood circulation.
What does systolic blood pressure measure?
Pressure in the arteries during heartbeats
Systolic pressure is the top number in a blood pressure reading.
Fill in the blank: The _______ node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
SA
The SA node, or sinoatrial node, is known as the heart’s natural pacemaker.
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
Transport oxygen
Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds oxygen for delivery to tissues.
What is the purpose of vasoconstriction?
To reduce blood flow and increase blood pressure
Vasoconstriction is a mechanism the body uses to maintain temperature and pressure.
